BIPOC Oppression & Resistance in Canada & the US

Category: Other

Updated: 6 Nov 2018

1204

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Created byBelinda Kwan

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History of Slavery, Prisons, and Related State Violence in North America

ByBelinda Kwan

27 Sep 2018

1107

CONTACT Timeline

ByBelinda Kwan

25 Nov 2018

545

Events

Canadian Confederation (1867)US Declaration of Independence World War II Begins (1939)World War I Begins (1914)

Periods

Documentation of Chinese & Black men frequently targeted by police (1908-1930)New Era of 'Multiculturalism' Emerges in Canada (late 1960s-early 1970s)World War II (1939-1945)World War I (1914 –1918)

Grouping

East/South East Asian Immigrant Oppression & Activism

Events

The People v. Hall (1854) / "Chinaman's Chance"Chinese Immigration Act (passed, 1885), head tax implemented Chinese Immigration Act (amendment, 1900)Chinese Exclusion Act (passed, 1882)JA Macdonald's Speech in the House of Commons Dominion Elections Act (amendment, 1900)Electoral Franchise Act (amendment, 1898)Dominion Elections Act (amendment, 1920)Tai Sing v. Macguire (1878), end of B.C. Chinese Tax Act (1878)R. v. Wing Chong (1885), end of B.C. Chinese Regulation Act (1884)B.C. Chinese Regulation Act (passed, 1884)Union Colliery v. Bryden (1899), end of Coal Mines Amendment Act (1890)B.C. Qualification and Registration of Voters Act (passed, 1872)Cunningham v. Homma (1901), upholds discriminatory voting laws Electoral Franchise Act (passed, 1885)Dominion Elections Act (amendment, 1948) Racial voting requirements repealed Chinese Immigration Act (amendment, 1902)Chinese Immigration Act (amendment, 1903)Immigration Act NKA Chinese Exclusion Act (passed,1923)Immigration Act NKA Chinese Exclusion Act repealed (1947)

Periods

California Gold Rush & the Rise of Gum San (Gold Mountain)Construction of Central Pacific Railroad Construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway Report of the Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration (1884-1885)

Black Oppression & Resistance

Events

Slave Revolt: Saint-Domingue (1522)Rice plantations increase demand for slaves First Black enslaved person arrives in Canada (1628)African Americans Own Slaves (often to protect family members)Virginia: Hereditary Slavery (n.d.)Bacon's Rebellion (1676)Pennsylvannia: 1st Anti-Slavery Resolution (1688)Virginia: Penalty for Manumission (1691)South Carolina: slaves prohibited from hiring selves out (1712)South Carolina: Stono Rebellion (1739)British Crown & Mi'kmaq people: Peace and Friendship Treaty (1752)Philadelphia: Quakers Prohibit Slavery (1758)Boston Massacre (1773): Crispus Attucks killed by British Forces Ukawsaw Gronniosaw writes autobiography South Carolina: First Black Church (1773)Phillis Wheatley becomes 1st published African-American poet Massachusetts: Felix's Petition Philadelphia: First Abolition Society Vermont Bans Chattel Slavery (1777)Massachusetts: Elizabeth Freeman's Freedom Suit (1781)Boston: 1st African Mason Lodge (1787)Slave Trade Decline in Canada Gabriel Rebellion (1800)Haitian Revolution (1804)Slave Trade (Not Slavery Itself) Made Illegal (1807)"Freedom" in Canada (1819)South Carolina: Vesey Revolt (1822)Liberia Founded (1822)Mexico Abolishes Slavery (1829)Nat Turner's Rebellion (1831)British Empire: Slavery officially abolished (1834)Canada: 'Act of Union' Passed (1840)Anti-Slavery Society Splits (1840)Frederick Douglass' autobiography published (1845)New York: Seneca Falls Convention (1848)Harriet Tubman Escapes (1849)Henry "Box" Brown Escapes (1849)Father of the Underground Railroad Uncle Tom's Cabin published (1852)Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)1st documentation of Underground Railroad activity (1856)'Gradual Civilization Act' (passed, 1857) attempts to assimilate Indigneous people Last American slave ship lands (1859)South Carolina: White Workers Cite Unfair Competition from Slaves (1859)Emancipation Proclamation (1863)Slavery Legally Abolished (1865)Trial of Jonathan George & the Devaluation of Black Women (1867)'Gradual Enfranchisement Act' (passed, 1869)Compromise of 1850 'Ain't I a Woman?': Groundbreaking speech by Sojourner Truth (1851)'Common Schools Act' (passed, 1850)Raid on Harper's Ferry Abraham Lincoln Elected (1860)The Hazel Huff case & anti-Black policies in Edmonton (1911)A Thousand Caribbean Migrant Labourers for the Dominion Iron and Steel Company Emily Murphy's racist text 'The Black Candle' published KKK March in Oakville: Assault of Ira Johnson and Isabel Jones Black Persons Protest Against Toronto Skating Rink Viola Desmond Arrested (1946)Canadian Federal Director of Immigration fights entry of Black Caribbean domestics (1955)Documented Housing Discrimination against Black Persons Documentation of KKK's Institutional Affiliations Toronto becomes 1st municipality to proclaim Black History Month (1979)

Periods

African Slaves arrive in New World (1501-1505)Triangle Trade/Transatlantic Slave Trade (1562-1807)American Slave Trade (1619-1807)Slavery Legalized: Massachusetts Body of Liberties (1641)Anti-Miscegenation Laws 18th Century Slave Owners in Nova Scotia Demographic Changes: African Americans outnumber European Americans in South Carolina Freedom in Spanish Florida Northwest Ordinance (1787-1789)Fugitive Slave Clause & 3/5 Compromise (1788)Naturalization Act (1790)Slave ownership in Upper & Lower Canada African Americans excluded from military service (1862)'Second Great Awakening': many slaves convert to Christianity (1795)Nova Scotia's "Africans' Schools"Missouri Compromise (1820)The Chatham vigilance committee & other forms of Black resistance "Grand Central Station"The Liberator is founded (1831)'Underground Railroad' named (1831)New York & Philadephia: Anti-Abolitionist Riots (1834-35)U.S. House of Representatives' Gag Rule on Abolition (1836)'Amistad' Mutiny (1839)Fugitive Slave Act Strengthened, Prigg v. Pennslyvania (1842)'The North Star' founded (1847)Free Soil Party formed Bleeding Kansas (1854-1861)Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857), landmark decision against Blacks Sustained court discrimination against Blacks in rape cases American Civil War (1861-1865)Criminalization of Black Women's Sexuality 'Black rapist' myth enforced by Canadian politicians & social groups Subjugation of Black Porters in the Railroad Industry Open Racism in the Sentencing of Black offenders Antiblack Immigration Policies Documentation of unequitable sentencing for Black persons (1908-1960)Segregated housing in Winnipeg & Hamilton The Restriction of Blacks' Presence in Public Spaces Documented Increase of KKK Activity in Canada Stanford Prison Experiment (1971)

Grouping

Soledad Brothers/ Attica

Events

George Jackson is killed, sparks Attica prison riot (1971)Soledad Brothers (including George Jackson) charged with murder of white prison guard (1970)

Periods

Attica Prison riot (1971)

Indigenous Oppression & Resistance

Events

'Indian Act' (consolidated, 1876)Arrival of Whites prophesied Beothuks & Norsemen (956 AD)Wampum between Dutch & Haudenosaunee (1645)Treaty of Portsmouth (1713)Dummer's Treaty negotiated (1725)Dummer's Treaty ratified (1728)Treaty between British and Mi'kmaq (1752)Native Women's Association of Canada (NWAC) founded (1973)

Periods

Starvation of Indigenous Peoples Restrictions on the movement of Indigenous Peoples Documentation of human existence in the Americas (25,000 BP)1st missionary schools established (1620-80)Father Rale's War/Indian War (1713-25)Nova Scotia & Mi'kmaq People: Treaties of peace & friendship (1760-1761)

Feminist Organizing

Events

Toronto Women's Bookstore closes (2012)85 Harbord St. Firebombed (1983)Toronto Women's Bookstore opens (1973)TWB moves to 73 Harbord St. (1984)Morgentaler Clinic opens in Toronto (1983)Morgentaler Abortion Clinic Firebombed (1992)

Periods

Toronto Women's Bookstore active (1973–2012)1st National Congress of Black Women (1973)

LGBTQ+ organizing

Events

Glad Day Bookshop opens (1970)Glad Day moves to 499 Church St. (2016)1st meeting of University of Toronto Homophile Association (UTHA), 1969 Community Homophile Association of Toronto (CHAT) founded (1970)CHAT begins to offer social services The Body Politic established (1971)The Body Politic & Glad Day Move to Kensington Market (1974)The Body Politic formalizes into Pink Triangle Press (1975)Establishment of Canadian Gay Liberation Movement Archives (CGLMA) officially announced (1973)