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my first timeline
Category:
History
Updated:
22 days ago
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Created by
chung cheng
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Events
✎ Neanderthals go extinct (40,000 BCE)
✎ Celts dominate Central Europe during Hallstat Culture
✎ Celtic Gauls (Senones tribe) sack Rome after battle of Allia
1. Julius Caesar is born (100 BCE)
3. Rome completes the conquest of Gaul (50 BCE)
4. Julius Caesar is assassinated (44 BCE)
1. Augustus becomes *FIRST* roman emperor (27 BCE)
⚑ 3. Roman Empire Split into Western and Eastern (END OF UNIFIED ROMAN EMPIRE) (395)
✎ Neanderthals appear in Europe (400,00 BCE)
Roman got rid of their last king (509 BC)
✎ 2. Battle of Teutoburg Forest (9 CE)
3. Constantinople Founded as Imperial Capital (330 CE)
4. VisiGoths sack Rome (410 CE)
6. Emperor Romulus Augustulus is deposed by Odoacer (THE FALL OF ROME) (476 CE)
5. Vandals sack Rome (455 CE)
2. Battle of Adrianople (378 CE)
1. Goths enter the Empire as refugees (376 CE)
1a. Goths revolt begins (377 CE)
✎ 16. Charlemagne crowned Emperor of Rome
3. Death of Augustus; Tiberius becomes emperor (14 CE)
4. Roman conquest of Britain begins (43 CE)
5. Year of the Four Emperors (69 CE)
7. Death of Marcus Aurelius; Commodus becomes emperor (180 CE)
✎ 15. Pope Leo III Attacked in Rome (799)
✎ 12. Reform of the Frankish Church (780s)
✎ 11. Charlemagne Conquers the Lombards, becomes King of the Lombards (774)
9. Charlemagne (son of Pepin the Short) Becomes King of Unified Frankish (768)
✎ 7. Rise of the Carolingians, Pepin the Short (son of Martel) become King of the Franks (751)
1. Charles Martel Becomes Mayor of the Palace in the Frankish Kingdom (718 - 714)
2. Charles Martel Rebuilds Frankish Military Power (720s)
✎ 3. Battle of Tours (732
4. Charles Martel Expands Frankish Control (730s)
✎ 5. Early Papal–Frankish Contact (739)
✎ 6. Death of Charles Martel (741)
14. Pope Leo III Becomes Pope (795)
13a. Charlemagne’s Son, Louis the Pious crowned King of Aquitaine (781)
13b. Charlemagne’s Son, Pepin of Italy crowned King of Lombards (781)
8. Theodoric the Great defeats Odoacer & establishes the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy (493)
17. Charlemagne dies and his son Louis the Pious become ruler of Frankish Kingdom (814)
✎ Treaty of Verdun divided empire into 3 parts (843)
Otto I Becomes King of East Francia (936 - 973)
Otto I defeated the Magyars at the Battle of Lechfeld (955)
Otto I is crowned Emperor of Rome, but not a Holy Roman Emperor (962)
✎ Emperor Henry IV at Canossa barefoot in the snow (1077)
Otto I Dies, Otto II becomes Emperor (973)
Henry III Becomes King of the Germans (1039)
Henry III crowned Emperor (1046)
Henry IV becomes Emperor (1056)
Frederick I Barbarossa becomes King of the German (1152 – 1155)
Frederick I Barbarossa become emperor (1155)
Henry V crowned Emperor (1106 - 1125)
Emperor Lothair III (1133 - 1137)
Emperor Conrad III (1138 - 1152)
✎ Pope Adrian IV crushed the insurrection (led by Arnold of Brescia) with help from Barbarossa (1155)
✎1. Saladin’s (Muslim ruler) victory in 1187 defeated the crusaders and capturing Jerusalem.
3. Frederick I Barbarossa died during Third Crusade (1190)
4. Teutonic Knights crusaders was established as a direct outcome of the Third Crusade(1190)
✎ 6. The Teutonic Order (Hospital of St. Mary) was created (1198)
✎ 8. The Teutonic Knights moved to Transylvania in 1210
✎ 12. Teutonic Order moved to Poland in 1226
✎ 13. The Prussian Crusade (1226)
5. Henry VI (son of Frederick I Barbarossa) become Emperor (1191 - 1197)
11. Emperor Frederick II (grandson of Frederick I Barbarossa) (1220 - 1250)
✎ 16. The Sixth Crusade & Treaty of Jaffa (or Frederick II’s treaty) (1229)
✎ 17. Frederick II was excommunicated in 1239 again.
✎14. Frederick II was excommunicated in 1227
18. Emperor Frederick II died (1250)
✎ 3. Martin Luther’s Reformation. He posted the 95 Theses (Oct. 31, 1517)
Start of the Thirty Years' War
✎ Treaty of Venice
10. Frederick II was elected King of the Romains in 1215.
5. Charles V (grandson) became Holy Roman Emperor on June 28, 1519
4. Maximilian I (grandfather) died on January 12, 1519
1. Diet of Worms (1495)
2. The Eternal Peace (1495)
Maximilian I become emperor of the Holy Roman Empire 1508
6. The Church issued a papal bull (highest‑level written order) in 1520 against Luther
7. Frederick the Wise Protects Luther (1521)
Luther was excommunicated on jan 3, 1521
At the Edict of Worms on May 25, Charles V declares Luther an outlaw of the empire.
Luther refuses to recant (take back his teachings) on Apr 18
Luther is taken secretly to Wartburg Castle on May 4. This was arranged by Frederick the Wise
Luther returns to Wittenberg and resumes leadership in Mar 1522.
Augsburg Confession
Charles V gave up the throne in 1556
Peace of Augsburg
Luther died in 1546
Charles V died in 1558
30-Year War. The whole story!
Ferdinand II become Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 1619
Phase 1. Battle of White Mountain (1620). This is the 1st of many wars in the Thirty Year's War.
Phase 1. Defenestration of Prague
Phase 2. Edict of Restitution 1629
Peace of Augsburg (copy)
Phase 2. Edict of Restitution 1629
PHASE 4: Peace of Westphalia in 1648
Phase 1. Battle of White Mountain in Prague, 1620
Phase2: King Christian IV of Denmark intervened to support Protestant states in 1625
Phase 1. Philip IV of Spain entered the war AFTER HE BECAME KING in 1621
Phase 3. AAA. Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) — huge Swedish victory
Phase 3. AAA. Battle of Rain (Lech River), 1632 — another win for Sweden
Phase 3. BBB. Battle of Lützen (1632)
Phase 3. Sweden invades in 1630, led by Lutheran king of Sweden, Gustavus Adolphus
Phase 3. Ferdinand tries to soften the Edict of Restitution
Phase3. Tilly (Catholic general) dies on Apr 30, 1632
Phase 3. Leipzig Manifesto (April 12, 1631)
Phase 3. 1634: The Habsburgs Regain the Upper Hand
Phase 3. Gustavus Adolphus (King of Sweden) killed at the Battle of Lützen on Nov 6, 1632
Phase 3. Wallenstein (a general) is recalled to command again to replace Tilly`
Phase 3. Wallenstein becomes increasingly unreliable
Phase 3. Wallenstein is assassinated
Phase 3. Nördlingen (Catholic victory)
PHASE4: Frances enter the war in May 19, 1635
PHASE 4: Peace of Prague on May 30, 1635 (after 11 days of flighting)
PHASE 4: Ferdinand II died on 15 February 1637
PHASE 4: Preliminary peace talks begin in Hamburg on 1641
PHASE 4: France won at Rocroi (1643)
PHASE 4: Richelieu dies in 1642
PHASE 4: Louis XIII dies in 1643
Frederick II (Frederick the Great) become King of Prussia in May 1740
Intro
Emperor Charles VI issues the Pragmatic Sanction in 1713
1. Charles VI (Austrian Habsburg ruler) Dies in Oct, 1740
2. Prussia attacks Austria (December 1740)
3. Other forces joined the war in 1741
6. The war ends in 1748. (Treaty of Aix‑la‑Chapelle)
5A. Prussia left the war (1st time), Jun 1742
5B. Prussia re-enter the war (2nd time), Aug 1744
Everything flips in 1756
2A. War of the Austrian Succession, Dec. 16, 1740
Summary of the Habsburg Story
Battle of Mollwitz (Prussian victory), 1741
Battle of Chotusitz (another Prussian victory), May 1742
Treaty of Breslau ends the First Silesian War, Jun 1742
A10...S8: Treaty of Dresden (25 December 1745)
A9...15 December 1745 — Battle of Kesselsdorf
A8...30 September 1745 — Battle of Soor
A7...4 June 1745 — Battle of Hohenfriedberg
A6...18 September 1744 — Austrian Counteroffensive
A5....................15 August 1744 — Frederick Invades Bohemia
A4...22 May 1744 — Treaty of Worms
A3...27 June 1743 — Battle of Dettingen
A1...11 June 1742 — Treaty of Breslau
The Roman Republic was formed
Francis II dissolves the Holy Roman Empire, Aug. 6, 1806
Treaties of Tilsit, July 1807
The Battle of Austerlitz (Battle of the Three Emperors) Dec 2, 1805
Battle of Hohenlinden, Dec 3, 1800
Treaty of Pressburg, 1805
Treaty of Lunéville, Feb 9, 1801
French Push to the Rhine (1792)
Convention of Reichenbach, 27 July 1790
Berlin Academy’s Debate on Political Honesty (1780)
14 July 1789 — The Storming of the Bastille. The Revolution turns violent
5 May 1789 — The French Revolution begins
Maximilien Robespierre was executed on 28 July 1794.
Robespierre elected to the Estates‑General
The Cult of the Supreme Being (May 7, 1794)
10 November 1793 — Notre‑Dame Cathedral is transformed into a Temple of Reason.
7/12/1806 — Confederation of the Rhine created by Napoleon.
Marie Antoinette executed — 10/16/1793
1. Napoleon takes power — 9 November 1799
2. Napoleon becomes Emperor — 2 December 1804
3. Battle of Austerlitz — 2 December 1805
4. Confederation of the Rhine created — 12 July 1806
5. Holy Roman Empire abolished — 6 August 1806
6. Battle of Jena–Auerstedt — 14 October 1806
7. Continental System announced — 21 November 1806
8. Confederation of the Rhine collapses — 1813
Events before French Revolution. 2. 1788 — France enters a major financial crisi
chap8
The July Revolution of 1830 (France) and Louis‑Philippe Becomes the “Citizen King” (1830)
1835 Young Germany
Protesters of the 1840s (NOT Young Germany)
1846 — Protest Movement Intensifies
1847 — Crisis Deepens and Political Pressure Builds
March 1848 — Revolution Breaks Ou
The key event: The Heidelberg Meeting (1848)
The result: The Frankfurt Parliament (1848)
the Prussian side of the 1848 Revolution
New event
Otto von Bismarck
more on bismark
Napoleon III
Blood and Iron
New event
Second Schleswig Crisis (1863–1864) —
Austro‑Prussian conflict that followed the war with Denmark,
final step before the Franco‑Prussian War (1870)
the Ems Dispatch, the Franco‑Prussian War (1870–1871), and the terms of France’s defeat
summary of what happened AFTER German unification (1871)
Periods
✎ Farming spreads into Europe during Neolithic expansion (8000 - 5000 BCE)
Funnelbeaker Culture (3900 - 600 BCE)
✎ Germanic tribes expand southward into Central Europe
✎ 2. Julius Caesar conquers Gaul in the Gallic Wars (58 - 50 BCE)
Unified Roman Empire, Imperial period (27 BCE to 395 CE)
Roman Republic, single political system (509 - 27 BCE)
Roman Kingdom (753 - 509 BCE)
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Pre-Roman (1000 - 753 BCE)
Western Roman Empire (395 - 476 CE)
Eastern Roman Empire (395 - 1453 CE)
✎ Germanic tribes dominate much of Central & Northern Europe (100 - 400 CE)
2. Diocletian's Tetrarch reforms (284 - 305 CE)
✎ Barbarian Migration Period (376 - 476 CE)
✎ Later Germanic tribes, Late Antiquity, incl *Goths* *Vandals* (300 - 600 CE)
✎ Early Germanic tribes, incl *Semnones* (100 BCE - 100 CE)
Late Middle Ages (1300 - 1453 CE)
High Middle Ages (1000 - 1300 CE)
Early Middle Ages (476 - 1000 CE)
Early Iron Age, Hallstatt Culture, Early *Celts* (800 - 450 BCE)
Late Iron Age, La-tene Culture, Classic *Celts* (450 - 50 BCE)
Proto‑*Celtic* peoples emerge from the Urnfield culture (1200 - 800 BCE)
6. Marcomannic Wars (166 - 180). Germanic tribes (Marcomanni, Quadi, others) invade Roman territory
1. Crisis of the Third Century, 26 emperors in 50 years (235 - 284 CE)
✎ 10. Saxon Wars Begin (772–804 CE)
✎ 8. Donation of Pepin (754–756 CE)
7. Odoacer Rules Italy (476 - 493)
✎ Investiture Controversy, conflict bet Pope & Emperor (1075 - 1122)
✎ 2. The Third Crusade was launched to retake Jerusalem
✎ Insurrection in Rome (1143 - 1150)
✎ Long struggle between Barbarossa and the papacy (1155 - 1177)
✎ 9. Tension between Teutonic Order and Hungary (1210 - 1225)
✎ 7. Henry VI died. Germany had no king and falls into a civil war (1198 - 1215)
✎ 15. Frederick II’s fallout with the pope (1227 - 1239)
CHAP 3
CHAP 4
Early Modern Era
Renaissance begins during the Late Middle Ages and continues into the Early Modern Era (1300 - 1600)
Modern Era
Contemporary Era (1945–present))
CHAP 5
Holy Roman Empire (800 - 1806)
Rise of the Saxon (Ottonian) dynasty (919 - 936 CE)
CHAP 2
8. Diet of Worms (Luther) Jan 28 to May 25, 1521
Luther stays at Warburg from May 1521 to Mar 1522. Followers (group1) create chaos.
Luther's followers (group 2) create chaos.
The German Peasants’ War from 1524 to 1525
After the war, the Struggle for Stability and Doctrinal Clarity (1525–1530)
The Reformation Becomes Established (1530–1546)
The Princes’ Revolt and the Road to the Peace of Augsburg (1552–1555)
From Luther’s Death to the Princes’ Revolt (1546–1552)
Ferdinand II reigned from 1619 to 1637
Phase 1. Bohemian Phase (1618–1625)
Phase 2. Danish Phase (1625–1629)
3. Swedish Phase (1630–1635)
4. French Phase (1635–1648)
CCC. Late Swedish Phase (1633–1635): Momentum shifts back to the Empire
PHASE 4: 1644–1646: Actual Westphalia negotiations begin
PHASE 4: 1645–1647: Fighting continues during negotiations
The Reichstag
Europe Pretends to Agree, 1713-1730
4. Britain and the Dutch join Austria (1742–1743)
Seven Years’ War (1756–1763).
First Silesian War (1740–1742) (Part of the narrow conflict)
Second Silesian War (1744–1745) — Frederick defends Silesia (Part of the narrow conflict)
Third Silesian War (1756–1763) — part of the Seven Years’ War
S3. Austria starts winning the wider War of the Austrian Succession
A2...Austria Recovers and Reorganizes
CHAP 7
Phase 1. Early Revolution — 5 May 1789 to 10 August 1792
Phase 2. Radicalization — 10 August 1792 to 21 January 1793
Phase 3. Reign of Terror — 5 September 1793 to 28 July 1794
Phase 4. The Directory — 2 November 1795 to 9 November 1799
Phase 5. Napoleonic Era — 9 November 1799 to 22 June 1815
Events before French Revolution. 1. 1776–1783 — American Revolution inspires France
Biedermeier / Metternich era
An example of a time span
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