my first timeline
Category: History
Updated: 22 days ago
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Created bychung cheng
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✎ Neanderthals go extinct (40,000 BCE)✎ Celts dominate Central Europe during Hallstat Culture✎ Celtic Gauls (Senones tribe) sack Rome after battle of Allia1. Julius Caesar is born (100 BCE)3. Rome completes the conquest of Gaul (50 BCE)4. Julius Caesar is assassinated (44 BCE)1. Augustus becomes *FIRST* roman emperor (27 BCE)⚑ 3. Roman Empire Split into Western and Eastern (END OF UNIFIED ROMAN EMPIRE) (395)✎ Neanderthals appear in Europe (400,00 BCE)Roman got rid of their last king (509 BC)✎ 2. Battle of Teutoburg Forest (9 CE)3. Constantinople Founded as Imperial Capital (330 CE)4. VisiGoths sack Rome (410 CE)6. Emperor Romulus Augustulus is deposed by Odoacer (THE FALL OF ROME) (476 CE)5. Vandals sack Rome (455 CE)2. Battle of Adrianople (378 CE)1. Goths enter the Empire as refugees (376 CE)1a. Goths revolt begins (377 CE)✎ 16. Charlemagne crowned Emperor of Rome3. Death of Augustus; Tiberius becomes emperor (14 CE)4. Roman conquest of Britain begins (43 CE)5. Year of the Four Emperors (69 CE)7. Death of Marcus Aurelius; Commodus becomes emperor (180 CE)✎ 15. Pope Leo III Attacked in Rome (799)✎ 12. Reform of the Frankish Church (780s)✎ 11. Charlemagne Conquers the Lombards, becomes King of the Lombards (774)9. Charlemagne (son of Pepin the Short) Becomes King of Unified Frankish (768)✎ 7. Rise of the Carolingians, Pepin the Short (son of Martel) become King of the Franks (751)1. Charles Martel Becomes Mayor of the Palace in the Frankish Kingdom (718 - 714)2. Charles Martel Rebuilds Frankish Military Power (720s)✎ 3. Battle of Tours (7324. Charles Martel Expands Frankish Control (730s)✎ 5. Early Papal–Frankish Contact (739)✎ 6. Death of Charles Martel (741)14. Pope Leo III Becomes Pope (795)13a. Charlemagne’s Son, Louis the Pious crowned King of Aquitaine (781)13b. Charlemagne’s Son, Pepin of Italy crowned King of Lombards (781)8. Theodoric the Great defeats Odoacer & establishes the Ostrogothic Kingdom in Italy (493)17. Charlemagne dies and his son Louis the Pious become ruler of Frankish Kingdom (814)✎ Treaty of Verdun divided empire into 3 parts (843)Otto I Becomes King of East Francia (936 - 973)Otto I defeated the Magyars at the Battle of Lechfeld (955)Otto I is crowned Emperor of Rome, but not a Holy Roman Emperor (962)✎ Emperor Henry IV at Canossa barefoot in the snow (1077)Otto I Dies, Otto II becomes Emperor (973)Henry III Becomes King of the Germans (1039)Henry III crowned Emperor (1046)Henry IV becomes Emperor (1056)Frederick I Barbarossa becomes King of the German (1152 – 1155)Frederick I Barbarossa become emperor (1155)Henry V crowned Emperor (1106 - 1125)Emperor Lothair III (1133 - 1137)Emperor Conrad III (1138 - 1152)✎ Pope Adrian IV crushed the insurrection (led by Arnold of Brescia) with help from Barbarossa (1155)✎1. Saladin’s (Muslim ruler) victory in 1187 defeated the crusaders and capturing Jerusalem.3. Frederick I Barbarossa died during Third Crusade (1190)4. Teutonic Knights crusaders was established as a direct outcome of the Third Crusade(1190)✎ 6. The Teutonic Order (Hospital of St. Mary) was created (1198)✎ 8. The Teutonic Knights moved to Transylvania in 1210✎ 12. Teutonic Order moved to Poland in 1226✎ 13. The Prussian Crusade (1226)5. Henry VI (son of Frederick I Barbarossa) become Emperor (1191 - 1197)11. Emperor Frederick II (grandson of Frederick I Barbarossa) (1220 - 1250)✎ 16. The Sixth Crusade & Treaty of Jaffa (or Frederick II’s treaty) (1229)✎ 17. Frederick II was excommunicated in 1239 again.✎14. Frederick II was excommunicated in 122718. Emperor Frederick II died (1250)✎ 3. Martin Luther’s Reformation. He posted the 95 Theses (Oct. 31, 1517)Start of the Thirty Years' War✎ Treaty of Venice10. Frederick II was elected King of the Romains in 1215.5. Charles V (grandson) became Holy Roman Emperor on June 28, 15194. Maximilian I (grandfather) died on January 12, 15191. Diet of Worms (1495)2. The Eternal Peace (1495)Maximilian I become emperor of the Holy Roman Empire 15086. The Church issued a papal bull (highest‑level written order) in 1520 against Luther7. Frederick the Wise Protects Luther (1521)Luther was excommunicated on jan 3, 1521At the Edict of Worms on May 25, Charles V declares Luther an outlaw of the empire.Luther refuses to recant (take back his teachings) on Apr 18Luther is taken secretly to Wartburg Castle on May 4. This was arranged by Frederick the WiseLuther returns to Wittenberg and resumes leadership in Mar 1522.Augsburg ConfessionCharles V gave up the throne in 1556Peace of AugsburgLuther died in 1546Charles V died in 155830-Year War. The whole story!Ferdinand II become Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in 1619Phase 1. Battle of White Mountain (1620). This is the 1st of many wars in the Thirty Year's War.Phase 1. Defenestration of PraguePhase 2. Edict of Restitution 1629Peace of Augsburg (copy)Phase 2. Edict of Restitution 1629PHASE 4: Peace of Westphalia in 1648Phase 1. Battle of White Mountain in Prague, 1620Phase2: King Christian IV of Denmark intervened to support Protestant states in 1625Phase 1. Philip IV of Spain entered the war AFTER HE BECAME KING in 1621Phase 3. AAA. Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) — huge Swedish victoryPhase 3. AAA. Battle of Rain (Lech River), 1632 — another win for SwedenPhase 3. BBB. Battle of Lützen (1632)Phase 3. Sweden invades in 1630, led by Lutheran king of Sweden, Gustavus AdolphusPhase 3. Ferdinand tries to soften the Edict of RestitutionPhase3. Tilly (Catholic general) dies on Apr 30, 1632Phase 3. Leipzig Manifesto (April 12, 1631)Phase 3. 1634: The Habsburgs Regain the Upper HandPhase 3. Gustavus Adolphus (King of Sweden) killed at the Battle of Lützen on Nov 6, 1632Phase 3. Wallenstein (a general) is recalled to command again to replace Tilly`Phase 3. Wallenstein becomes increasingly unreliablePhase 3. Wallenstein is assassinatedPhase 3. Nördlingen (Catholic victory)PHASE4: Frances enter the war in May 19, 1635PHASE 4: Peace of Prague on May 30, 1635 (after 11 days of flighting)PHASE 4: Ferdinand II died on 15 February 1637PHASE 4: Preliminary peace talks begin in Hamburg on 1641PHASE 4: France won at Rocroi (1643)PHASE 4: Richelieu dies in 1642PHASE 4: Louis XIII dies in 1643Frederick II (Frederick the Great) become King of Prussia in May 1740IntroEmperor Charles VI issues the Pragmatic Sanction in 17131. Charles VI (Austrian Habsburg ruler) Dies in Oct, 17402. Prussia attacks Austria (December 1740)3. Other forces joined the war in 17416. The war ends in 1748. (Treaty of Aix‑la‑Chapelle)5A. Prussia left the war (1st time), Jun 17425B. Prussia re-enter the war (2nd time), Aug 1744Everything flips in 17562A. War of the Austrian Succession, Dec. 16, 1740Summary of the Habsburg StoryBattle of Mollwitz (Prussian victory), 1741Battle of Chotusitz (another Prussian victory), May 1742Treaty of Breslau ends the First Silesian War, Jun 1742A10...S8: Treaty of Dresden (25 December 1745)A9...15 December 1745 — Battle of KesselsdorfA8...30 September 1745 — Battle of SoorA7...4 June 1745 — Battle of HohenfriedbergA6...18 September 1744 — Austrian CounteroffensiveA5....................15 August 1744 — Frederick Invades BohemiaA4...22 May 1744 — Treaty of WormsA3...27 June 1743 — Battle of DettingenA1...11 June 1742 — Treaty of BreslauThe Roman Republic was formedFrancis II dissolves the Holy Roman Empire, Aug. 6, 1806Treaties of Tilsit, July 1807The Battle of Austerlitz (Battle of the Three Emperors) Dec 2, 1805Battle of Hohenlinden, Dec 3, 1800Treaty of Pressburg, 1805Treaty of Lunéville, Feb 9, 1801French Push to the Rhine (1792)Convention of Reichenbach, 27 July 1790Berlin Academy’s Debate on Political Honesty (1780)14 July 1789 — The Storming of the Bastille. The Revolution turns violent5 May 1789 — The French Revolution beginsMaximilien Robespierre was executed on 28 July 1794.Robespierre elected to the Estates‑GeneralThe Cult of the Supreme Being (May 7, 1794)10 November 1793 — Notre‑Dame Cathedral is transformed into a Temple of Reason.7/12/1806 — Confederation of the Rhine created by Napoleon.Marie Antoinette executed — 10/16/17931. Napoleon takes power — 9 November 17992. Napoleon becomes Emperor — 2 December 18043. Battle of Austerlitz — 2 December 18054. Confederation of the Rhine created — 12 July 18065. Holy Roman Empire abolished — 6 August 18066. Battle of Jena–Auerstedt — 14 October 18067. Continental System announced — 21 November 18068. Confederation of the Rhine collapses — 1813Events before French Revolution. 2. 1788 — France enters a major financial crisichap8The July Revolution of 1830 (France) and Louis‑Philippe Becomes the “Citizen King” (1830)1835 Young GermanyProtesters of the 1840s (NOT Young Germany)1846 — Protest Movement Intensifies1847 — Crisis Deepens and Political Pressure BuildsMarch 1848 — Revolution Breaks OuThe key event: The Heidelberg Meeting (1848)The result: The Frankfurt Parliament (1848)the Prussian side of the 1848 RevolutionNew
eventOtto von Bismarckmore on bismarkNapoleon IIIBlood and IronNew
eventSecond Schleswig Crisis (1863–1864) —Austro‑Prussian conflict that followed the war with Denmark,final step before the Franco‑Prussian War (1870)the Ems Dispatch, the Franco‑Prussian War (1870–1871), and the terms of France’s defeatsummary of what happened AFTER German unification (1871)Periods
✎ Farming spreads into Europe during Neolithic expansion (8000 - 5000 BCE)Funnelbeaker Culture (3900 - 600 BCE)✎ Germanic tribes expand southward into Central Europe✎ 2. Julius Caesar conquers Gaul in the Gallic Wars (58 - 50 BCE)Unified Roman Empire, Imperial period (27 BCE to 395 CE)Roman Republic, single political system (509 - 27 BCE)Roman Kingdom (753 - 509 BCE)XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXPre-Roman (1000 - 753 BCE)Western Roman Empire (395 - 476 CE)Eastern Roman Empire (395 - 1453 CE)✎ Germanic tribes dominate much of Central & Northern Europe (100 - 400 CE)2. Diocletian's Tetrarch reforms (284 - 305 CE)✎ Barbarian Migration Period (376 - 476 CE)✎ Later Germanic tribes, Late Antiquity, incl *Goths* *Vandals* (300 - 600 CE)✎ Early Germanic tribes, incl *Semnones* (100 BCE - 100 CE)Late Middle Ages (1300 - 1453 CE)High Middle Ages (1000 - 1300 CE)Early Middle Ages (476 - 1000 CE)Early Iron Age, Hallstatt Culture, Early *Celts* (800 - 450 BCE)Late Iron Age, La-tene Culture, Classic *Celts* (450 - 50 BCE)Proto‑*Celtic* peoples emerge from the Urnfield culture (1200 - 800 BCE)6. Marcomannic Wars (166 - 180). Germanic tribes (Marcomanni, Quadi, others) invade Roman territory1. Crisis of the Third Century, 26 emperors in 50 years (235 - 284 CE)✎ 10. Saxon Wars Begin (772–804 CE)✎ 8. Donation of Pepin (754–756 CE)7. Odoacer Rules Italy (476 - 493)✎ Investiture Controversy, conflict bet Pope & Emperor (1075 - 1122)✎ 2. The Third Crusade was launched to retake Jerusalem✎ Insurrection in Rome (1143 - 1150)✎ Long struggle between Barbarossa and the papacy (1155 - 1177)✎ 9. Tension between Teutonic Order and Hungary (1210 - 1225)✎ 7. Henry VI died. Germany had no king and falls into a civil war (1198 - 1215)✎ 15. Frederick II’s fallout with the pope (1227 - 1239)CHAP 3CHAP 4Early Modern EraRenaissance begins during the Late Middle Ages and continues into the Early Modern Era (1300 - 1600)Modern EraContemporary Era (1945–present))CHAP 5Holy Roman Empire (800 - 1806)Rise of the Saxon (Ottonian) dynasty (919 - 936 CE)CHAP 28. Diet of Worms (Luther) Jan 28 to May 25, 1521Luther stays at Warburg from May 1521 to Mar 1522. Followers (group1) create chaos.Luther's followers (group 2) create chaos.The German Peasants’ War from 1524 to 1525After the war, the Struggle for Stability and Doctrinal Clarity (1525–1530)The Reformation Becomes Established (1530–1546)The Princes’ Revolt and the Road to the Peace of Augsburg (1552–1555)From Luther’s Death to the Princes’ Revolt (1546–1552)Ferdinand II reigned from 1619 to 1637Phase 1. Bohemian Phase (1618–1625)Phase 2. Danish Phase (1625–1629)3. Swedish Phase (1630–1635)4. French Phase (1635–1648)CCC. Late Swedish Phase (1633–1635): Momentum shifts back to the EmpirePHASE 4: 1644–1646: Actual Westphalia negotiations beginPHASE 4: 1645–1647: Fighting continues during negotiationsThe ReichstagEurope Pretends to Agree, 1713-17304. Britain and the Dutch join Austria (1742–1743)Seven Years’ War (1756–1763).First Silesian War (1740–1742) (Part of the narrow conflict)Second Silesian War (1744–1745) — Frederick defends Silesia (Part of the narrow conflict)Third Silesian War (1756–1763) — part of the Seven Years’ WarS3. Austria starts winning the wider War of the Austrian SuccessionA2...Austria Recovers and ReorganizesCHAP 7Phase 1. Early Revolution — 5 May 1789 to 10 August 1792Phase 2. Radicalization — 10 August 1792 to 21 January 1793Phase 3. Reign of Terror — 5 September 1793 to 28 July 1794Phase 4. The Directory — 2 November 1795 to 9 November 1799Phase 5. Napoleonic Era — 9 November 1799 to 22 June 1815Events before French Revolution. 1. 1776–1783 — American Revolution inspires FranceBiedermeier / Metternich eraAn example of a time span
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