oct 1, 1829 - The July Revolution of 1830 (France) and Louis‑Philippe Becomes the “Citizen King” (1830)

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Lead‑in from the July Revolution → Rise of Louis‑Philippe
The July Revolution of 1830 toppled Charles X after he tried to restore absolute monarchy and crush the press. When Paris rose in the “Three Glorious Days,” the old Bourbon line collapsed, but the French did not want another radical republic like 1793. To avoid chaos, the political leaders and Parisian moderates turned to a compromise figure — Louis‑Philippe, from the more liberal Orléans branch of the royal family — someone who could be a king without being an absolutist.

His regime, the July Monarchy (1830–1848), was built on the support of the wealthy bourgeoisie. It expanded some freedoms, encouraged industry, and stabilized France — but it also kept voting rights extremely limited and shut out workers and the lower middle class.

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