Events
Henry IV became HREPope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IVPope Gregory under pressure from leaders in RomeNorwichPope Gregory VII diesNorwichInvestiture contest shows Popes were becoming more powerful over secular rulersQuestion as to whether the Pope had authority over kings - investiture contestPope Victor III takes over from Gregory VII.Pope Urban II emerges as the new PopePope Urban II opens up diplomatic relations with the Byzantine emperor, Alexios Komnenus.Establish idea of army fighting for the papacy. Papacy was getting stronger.By now, two different branches of Islam had control of vast swathes of land in the Near EastSunni vs Shi'a. Muslim disunity.Rise of the Seljuk TurksMalik Shah's (Seljuk Turks) brother, Tutush, dies.Struggle for power between Danishmends and Kilij Arslan would have consequences of Crusader progression across Anatolia.Vizier of Egypt, al-Afdal, successfully took Jerusalem for the Fatimids.TyermanByzantine empire under threats. Normans took Sicily and parts of Southern Italy.Byzantines defeated at the battle of Manzikert.Defeat lead to lack of manpower.Peter FrankopanAlexios Komnenos takes action in ByzantiumAlexios Komnenus ready to deal with Pechenegs but unsuccessfulAlexios negotiates with TurksSulayman diesMalik Shah diesCouncil of PiacenzaUrban lifted Alexios' excommunicationUrban wanted to heal schism between two churches.Council of ClermontAsbridgeUrban II had stabalised position in RomeCALL FOR THE FIRST CRUSADEPope Urban II's motivesMotives of the CrusadersFloods, pestilence and faminePeasant's Crusade - disasterHugh of Vermandois first Crusader to set off.Godfrey of Bouillon reaches Constantinople.Godfrey swore oath to AlexiosBohemond leaves for First CrusadeBohemond reaches Constantinople.Raymond of Toulouse leavesRaymond of Toulouse arrives in Constantinople.Two Roberts (Normandy and Flanders) and Stephen of Blois set off.Stephen of Blois and Robert of Normandy finally reach Constantinople.Siege of NicaeaBattle of DorylaemAsbridgeMarch to AntiochBohemond Military expertiseReligious zealSiege of AntiochAdhemar diesStephen of Blois' desertion at AntiochMarch to Jerusalem beginsCrusaders arrived outside Jerusalem. Jerusalem is taken.3 things helped the crusadersImpacts of the First CrusadeThe origins of conflict and the First CrusadeThe foundation of new states and the Second CrusadeJostling for the King of JerusalemGodfrey diesNews of victory sets off new Crusade of 1101.Battle of HarranUnited opponentsBohemond tours Europe. Crusade on ByzantiumBohemond of Antioch diesCrusade of King Sigurd of NorwaySmall scale crusades helped increase the KingdomHelp from maritime statesCastle construction beganBaldwin I dies.Battle of the Field of BloodJihad imagery emergingPhillipsBaldwin II crownedBaldwin held in captivity (1123-24)Baldwin fought and won A'zaz, Zerdana, Damascus and Ascalon.Baldwin successful in Raphania and Antioch.Baldwin II diesFulk, Melisede and young Baldwin crowned joint rulersBaby Baldwin is born to Fulk and MelisendeCourt divisionsFulk diesTemplars foundedTemplars become activeCouncil of NablusClergy allowed to bear armsHospitallers gained fortunes and became establishedOther military ordersAlexios Komnenus diesJohn II attempt to gain AntiochJohn II tries to gain Antioch againJohn II diesRelationship between Byzantines and Franks not goodRoger of Antioch coalitionMilitary alliances with Muslims possibleMuslim disunityDuqaq of Damascus diesRidwan of Aleppo alliance with TancredBaghdad helps Tughtakin to besiege Edessa.Delegation from Aleppo called for helpas-Sulami calls for JihadZengi becomes governer of MosulRidwan diesZengi first Muslim leader to realise Jihad
Rise of Jihad under ZengiJoscelin leaves Edessa to spend Christmas at Turbessel.Zengi takes Edessa 1144Counter attack at EdessaZengi diesShockwaves through EuropePope Eugenius III calls the 2nd CrusadeThe 2nd CrusadeLouis VII responseConrad III responseMeeting at VezelayRoger becomes King of SicilyWendish CrusadeLouis arrived in AntiochMedieval scandalCouncil at PalmeraMayerRuncimanSiege of DamascusImpacts of the Second CrusadeLouis VII and Eleanor of Aquitaine divorceThe Muslim counter-crusade and crusader statesNurredin diesRise of Nureddin in SyriaAlliances between Muslims and CrusadersBattle of InabUnur and Saphadin dieSeries of earthquakesTreaty between Nurredin and ManuelCaliph, al-Hafz diesFranks capture AscalonNurredin turns attention to EgyptShawar becomes vizier in EgyptShawar asks Amalric for helpJihad: strength of oppositionShawar and Amalric meet again to rid Shirkuh.Saladin put in charge of EgyptFrankish Byzantine assault launched on EgyptCobbGrowth of jihad under NureddinMelisende still holding onto power.Manuel married MariaBaldwin III diesRuncimanAmalric briefly holds AlexandriaAmalric diesAmalric marries Maria ComnenusKingdom was getting poor and weakBaldwin IV diesBaldwin V dies.Succession crises.Joscelin II of Edessa diesReynald begins attack on CyprusAsbridgeFrank and Byz relationship strainedManuel sets off for AntiochBaldwin III and Manuel meet.MayerAnother Frankish Byzantine assault on EgyptAmalric asks Manuel for help againLack of support for the FranksBattle of MyriokephalonNorwichManuel Komnenos diesEnd to Byz hopes of gaining AnatoliaAndronikos Komnenus steps inByzantine protection for Franks was over.Latin West infightingCount Thierry of Flanders helps eastThierry of Flanders returns to OutremerMission of AB Frederick of TyrePhilip of Flanders goes to OutremerSuccession crisesHamiltonKing Louis VII diesPope prompted into action - call for CrusadeSaladin's strength risingPatriarch of Heraclius call for crusadeBirth of Baldwin VLatin Kingdoms diverge into 2 factionsRaymond and Bohemond III of Antioch advance on JerusalemRaymond III forbidden from entering JerusalemBattle of MontgisardKingdom lacked unity and strengthBaldwin hands regency to GuyRaymond III of Tripoli outmanoeuvredCourt party winsRaymond of Tripoli capturedTemplar help and actual victory for CrusadersCastle at Jacob's FordEgypt beginning to rival NureddinSaladin's powerBattle at Horns of HamahSaif-ad-Din and as-Salih dieOutremer fairly stable.Battle of HattinWilliam of TyreAfter HattinSaladin takes Jerusalem
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