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April 1, 2024
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Onuku Timeline
Created by
Matthew Rout
⟶ Updated 15 Sep 2020 ⟶
List of edits
Timelines by
Matthew Rout
:
8 months ago
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1797
A chronology of Māori housing
This timeline charts the changing institutional framework an...
15 Apr 2020
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1676
A chronology of Māori housing in Tāmaki Makaurau - Key events
This timeline charts the changing institutional framework an...
24 Mar 2020
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529
Onuku Timeline
13 Apr 2021
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493
A chronology of Māori housing - Key events
This timeline charts the changing institutional framework an...
14 Jul 2022
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141
Di - timeline
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Events
Onuku population: 40
Onuku population: 50
Onuku population: 6
Onuku School opens
34 pupils at Onuku School
Request to make Taraouta/Barry's Bay a Reserve
Opukutahi Reserve set aside
Tikao opposes Mantell's Reserves
Onuke Reserve set aside
Two boats catch 350 barracouta in one day
Kemp arrives in Akaroa
500 Ngai Tahu in Akaroa with Kemp
Tikao critical of Kemp's offer
Langlois attempts to buy Banks Peninsula
First deed with Nanto-Bordelaise Company signed
French colonists arrive in Akaroa
Sealers and whalers begin arriving in Akaroa
Onuku becomes main settlement in harbour
Onuku population: 200
Flax traders start visiting harbour
First whaling station in harbour
British flag raised in Akaroa
Akaroa population: 60 French, 20 Germans, 40 British and 97 Maori
Mill established in Akaroa
French plant wheat
First European farm established at Takapuneke
French naval presence ends
Nanto-Bordelaise Company sells land to the New Zealand Company
Akaroa and surrounds totally deforested
Mill in Onuku
Dairy becomes increasingly dominant industry in harbour
First court and jail in Akaroa
Akaroa becomes a borough
First public jetty built
Hilltop road opens, linking Akaroa with Chch
Chch to Little River railway opens
1.5 and 2 million super feet timber shipped per annum
Great fire devastates forests
Cocksford seed dominant industry
Akaroa well known as a tourist destination
Chinese market gardeners arrive
Onuku population: 20
Tourism declared the 'economic lifeblood' of Akaroa - though wider harbour still driven by primary production
Cocksfoot industry in decline
First crayfish canning factory
First cheese factory in harbour
First butter factory
Akaroa Tweed Factory opens
First motor service to Akaroa
Holiday home permits outstrips permanent residences
Road from Chch to Akaroa fully sealed
Fishing still a dominant industry, 40 boats operating from harbour
Some commercial fishing remains
No commercial fishing in harbour
No active industries remain in Akaroa
Commercial fishing begins
Fish canning factory built at Onuku
Wiremu Harihona Karewheko invites local Pakeha to celebrate birth of his son - becomes annual tradition
Local Maori have sizeable numbers of stock
Onuku suffers potato crop failure
Onuku population: 20
Wiremu Harihona posts message in newspaper warning anyone hunting on reserve will be prosecuted
Meeting regarding a new road through Onuku Reserve
Onuku Kainga steam sawmill for lease
Wairewa Bush burns
Local Maori wins damages for loss of tree asset
Robinson complains about living conditions at Wairewa
William Nihil requests Onuku Road diverted along beach to the Red House
Agreement between authorites and Onuku regarding Onuku Road placement
Onuku complains new road too close to their orchards
Akaroa purchase completed
Ngai Tahu Settlement Act
Final French attempt to secure land
Nanto-Bordelaise rights conveyed to New Zealand Company
Shipley apologises at Onuku
Karaweko Marae opens
Pohatu Marine Reserve created
Otago settlers increase trade opportunities
Governor Grey arrives in Akaroa
French settlers in 'destitute state"
Tuhawaiki receives cutter Mary Ann from Hempleman
Akaroa becomes an official 'Port of Entry'
Richmond departs for Akaroa - 3 Maori on board
Te Maiharanui sets up flax trading village at Takapuneke
British sovereignty over the South Island proclaimed at Cloudy Bay.
Rural Section 547 (which includes Takapūneke) is granted by the Crown to Joseph Palmer and Henry Le Cren sold to two Lyttelton businessmen
‘Picnic’ at Ōnawe raises, for the first time publicly in Akaroa, issues of appropriate behaviour on Māori cultural sites
Akaroa sewage treatment works built on Takepuneke
BPDC commissions archaeological reports of Takepuneke
Protests over proposed dump at Takepuneke
Onuku and Council sign agreement over Takepuneke
Council apologises over use of Takepuneke
Council approves the classification of Takapuneke Reserve as a local purpose (Historical) Reserve
The Christchurch City Council passes a resolution confirming the creation of a single large reserve at Takepuneke
The economy of Akaroa Māori based on fishing, catching of sea birds and shellfish gathering
Flax trade develops
Ariki heir Tūtehounuku leaves on whaling ship
Thiercelin describes Onuku as having 30 huts - 2 Englishmen living in kainga
Thiercin returns 20 years later, describing Onuku as much smaller -Maori working for settlers
Not all local Maori able to live at Onuku due to zoning regulations
Takepuneke tapu remains in place though not everyone knows why
BPDC plans subdivision on Takepuneke
Measles kill many local Maori
Smith Nairn Royal Commission finds Crown did not pay Ngai Tahu appropriately
Five Australian whalers off Akaroa
Otago taua arrives, local Maori seek protection amongst settlers (?)
Ngai Tahu chiefs who fought with Moki claim lands across Banks Peninsula
Kai Huanga feud begins
Kai Huanga feud ends
Te Rauparaha arrives on Elizabeth
Te Maiharanui travels to Kaikoura to get waka
First muskets used in Te Wai Pounamu
30,000 acres of land supposedly sold to French demanded back by local Maori
Lord Stanley accepts French claim of 30,000 acres
Waitangi Tribunal finds that the 30,000 acres conferred by Lord Stanley was a confiscation
Settlers in Akaroa complain local Maori are charging them high rents
Traditional industries in decline in Akaroa, tourism dominant - seen as economic saviour for region in decline
Akaroa County Council discusses how to keep town's heritage
Akaroa Civic Trust created to protect heritage
Marketing plan for Akaroa released
Akaroa County Council merges with Banks Peninsula District Council
Akaroa District Promotions formed
Akaroa National Treasure Network formed
Ministry of Agriculture report highlights gorse in Onuku Reserve
Wharekai opened in Onuku
Two hotels built in Akaroa in early 1840s
Four hotels in Akaroa - Two at British end and two at French end
Akaroa has three licensed hotels, three temperance hotels and a number of boarding houses
First mechanical saw mill in Akaroa
No new tree cutting licences issued between 1856-1864 for fear of deforestation
26 sawmills on peninsula
Tens of thousands of sacks of cocksfoot produced every year
Cocksfoot traded internationally
Cocksfoot sector declines
Cocksfoot crop first planted - local Maori involved in harvest
Banks Peninsula declining economically and demographically
Akaroa County permanent population: 1599
Akaroa population: 573
Akaroa population: 639
Akaroa population: 640
Akaroa population: 792
Sheep and beef replace dairy farms
Ship Espadon buys potatoes from Onuku
Ship Addison swaps a boat for two tonnes of potatoes with Onuku
Whanau living at Onuku include Moeraki, Kaikoura, Hokianga, Keefe, Bunker and Tainui
Onuku growing maize, wheat, melon, potatoes and pumpkins
Akaroa cheese well known
Jimmy Robinson arrives in Akaroa, as part of his severance he takes a boat
Dairy cooperatives in habour
Matiaha Tiramorehu writes letter about Ngati Toa and land
Local Maori working in cocksfoot industry
Onuku population: 72 or 43
Onuku population: 40
Maori exodus from area due to depression
The largest example of a fish trap in New Zealand lies on the western side of the Onāwe Peninsula, in Akaroa Harbour.
Maori working at whaling station at Ikoraki
Garwoods Mill in Onuku
Southern Right, Humpback and Sperm whale populations 'thinned out'
Whaling industry ends in Akaroa
Akaroa supplying large amounts of fruit to Chch and Lyttelton
Across the peninsula, Maori were reduced to living on insufficient reserves
Ngai Tahu Maori Trust Board takes case to Waitangi Tribunal
Tuhawaiki arrives in Onuku, declaring himself supreme chief of South Island
Iwikau arrives to dispute Tuhawaiki's claim
D'Urville notes depleted and demoralised Maori in Akaroa, few adult males
Onuku population: 25
Onuku Native School roll: 27. However many are Pakeha as school is mixed
Onuku Native School roll: 30
400 acres at Onuku "nearly all bush land"
Half of all jobs in tourism in Akaroa, $17.3 million direct spending
Cruise ship visits increase 531% - from 16-64
90 cruise ships visit over summer
BPDC merges with CCC
Report finds cruise ships pose a medium or "at worst, high" risk to its "very high" ecological values
Taiapure established
Akaroa Harbour made a marine reserve
75 cruise ships visit over summer
Hector's dolphin estimated to earn economy $25 million
Milling in decline
More "artistic classes" move to Akaroa, set up artisan businesses
More "stressed professionals" move to Akaroa
Akaroa Harbour population: 1000
HMS Herald arrives in Akaroa
Iwikau and Hone Tīkao sign Te Tiriti
Sixteen Ngāi Tahu chiefs including Tikao sign Kemp’s Deed
Parakakariki falls to Ngai Tahu
Te Rauparaha attacks Onawe Pa
Onuku and Wainui requested as Reserves
Onuku Reserve surveyed
Onuku Church opens
Whaling stations set up
Dispute between Onuku and Council over road to settlement
Report finds 10ha or more needed for commercial horticulture to be viable on BP
The start of forest regeneration as "valuable asset" for tourism
Fishing sector becomes increasingly important
Maori gain representation on local conservation boards
Many local jobs cut when councils amalgamate
Banks Peninsula District Plan
Hinewai Reserve starts
Banks Peninsula Conservation Trust starts
Set nets banned in harbour to protect Hector's dolphins
Banks Peninsula Marine Mammal Sanctuary starts
New rules for taiapure
Conflicts between advocates of taiapure and marine reserve start
Akaroa Harbour Marine Conservation Working Group starts
Taiapure application made
Pōhatu Marine Reserve starts
Marine tours statistics
Akaroa population: 570
International visitors spend more
Waterfront hot pool complex denied
Nature and farm-based tourism become increasingly popular
43 whaling ships working around BP
Population of Maori on BP one-tenth of 18th Century
Akaroa complains that it is not getting enough govt support promoting its tourism
Tourism takes economic hit following post war downturn
All but one of 11 dairy factories close
17 fishing trawlers operating out of Akaroa
Two crayfish factories operating in Akaroa
Tourism increases but less profitable per visitor
Akaroa Borough Council decrease in revenue sees township run down, roads and parks in poor condition
Akaroa Borough Council merges with County Council due to lack of finances
Final fish processing plant in Akaroa closes
Commercial boat trips are re-established in Akaroa
Commercial boat trips in Akaroa end as more private boats
Region hit by two year drought
First major cruise ship visit to Akaroa
'Frenchness' of Akaroa emphasised to promote tourism, street names changed - divides locals
Akaroa complains that not getting enough govt support for tourism
Bach owners outnumber local residents for first time
Absentee rate payers make up two thirds of Akaroa
Akaroa Village Inn opens
Increasing number of backpacker tourists in Akaroa
Backpackers on farm near Onuku opens
Akaroa Progress Association closes
Banks Peninsula Promotions Association starts
Banks Peninsula Promotions Association closes
Akaroa Progress Association starts
Akaroa in mini recession
Only two dairy farms remain in district
French Farm Winery opens
Akaroa increasingly a 'hub' for tourism around the district
Baches make up 68% of houses in Akaroa
68% of visitors from NZ, 85% of these from Canterbury
Tourism businesses angry with council for lack of promotional expenditure
Akaroa district employment: 29% primary production; 27 hospitality/accommodation; 24% retailing
Amalgamation with CCC twice as popular in Lyttelton Ward as Akaroa
Borough Council acknowledges the Borough was ‘dead in some respects’ and that ‘the town was slipping
Increasing complaints about speed boat noise in harbour
Petition to stop speed boats near town
'Frenchness' of Akaroa "everywhere"
The Frenchification supported mostly by new or out of town residents
'French Connection' sours after Rainbow Warrior - more emphasis on natural/farm tourism
Survey shows division, long time locals want more primary sector investment, non-residents tourism investment
Research notes 10 Irakehu returning regularly from Chch to Onuku
Majority of Irakehu living outside BP want to retire on BP
Resurgence in Maori culture/language in Akaroa
Only two whanau live at Onuku, four more in Akaroa
Akaroa harbour "overfished"
Periods
DOMINANT ECONOMY: TRADITIONAL HUNTING, GATHERING, HORTICULTURE
DOMINANT ECONOMY: DAIRY
DOMINANT ECONOMY: WHALING
DOMINANT ECONOMY: MILLING
DOMINANT ECONOMY: COCKSFOOT
DOMINANT ECONOMY: TOURISM
DOMINANT ECONOMY: FISHING
DOMINANT ECONOMY" SHEEP AND BEEF
DOMINANT ECONOMY: AQUACULTURE