A chronology of Māori housing
Category: Other
Updated: 22 Aug 2023
This timeline charts the changing institutional framework and public organisations of New Zealand's housing sector, with a focus on institutions and organisations that impact Māori housing
Contributors
Created byMatthew Rout
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Events
Workers' Dwelling Act - passedMortgage Corporation - createdNative Housing Act - passedFirst State HouseDepartment of Māori Affairs - income-related loans - startHousing Improvement Regulations - passedMaori home loans under Land Development scheme - startState House sales - startsTenancy Act - 'fair rents' for state housesState House sales promotions - stopsState House sales - restartHousing Corporation of New Zealand - createdPapakainga Lending Scheme - startsResidential Tenancies Act - passedHousing New Zealand - createdState Advances Office - createdHousing Branch - mergedState Advances Corporation - createdHousing Construction Department - createdFull market rents for State Houses - startsBuilding Act - passedBuilding Act - passedResource Management Act - passedAccommodation Supplement - startsTe Ture Whenua Act - passedPapakainga Loan Scheme - deposit reducedState housing income-related rents - reinstatedHousing New Zealand Corporation - createdLow Deposit Rural Lending (LDRL) scheme - startedSpecial Housing Action Zones - startsRural Housing Programme - startsCommunity Owned Rural Rental Housing Loans - startsKiwisaver - startedPapakainga Lending Scheme - endsSpecial Housing Action Zones - endsCommunity Owned Rural Rental Housing Loans - endsLow Deposit Rural Lending Scheme - endsMāori Demonstration Partnership Fund - startsMaori Demonstration Partnership Fund - endsKainga Whenua loans - startRural Housing Programme - endsMinistry of Housing - createdHousing Corporation of New Zealand - splitCommunity Housing Ltd - createdMinistry of Social Policy - new responsibilitiesSocial Housing Unit - createdMinistry of Social Development - responsibilityFair Rents Act - passedFirst election under Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) electoral systemKiwibuild - startsKainga Ora - createdHousing New Zealand Corporation changed to Housing New Zealand (HNZ)Housing Accords and Special Housing AreasHousing Accord and Special Housing Areas - endsHome Ownership Mortgage Insurance Scheme Pilot - startsHousing Act - passedState Housing Scheme - startsNeedy Families Scheme - startsHousing Division of the Ministry of Works - createdHousing Improvement Act - passedState Housing qualifying test - startsPrefabricated State Houses - startsNational Housing Council of New Zealand - createdGroup Building Scheme - startsHousing Act - passedMinister of Housing portfolio - createdFamily Benefit: Capitalisation for housing - startsCommission of Inquiry established to inquire into and report on HousingFamily Benefit: Capitalisation for housing - modifiedEligibility to state housing: Points system - startsState Housing: Rent setting formula - startsState House sales - stopsHome Ownership Savings Act - passedHome Ownership Savings Accounts Scheme - startsHome Ownership Accounts Scheme - changedFamily Benefit: Capitalisation for housing purposes - changedState Housing Fixed Term Tenancies - startsFamily Benefit Capitalisation for housing purposes - changedIncome-related rents for state tenants - restartsFamily Benefit Capitalisation for Housing Purposes - stopsHomestart Deposit Scheme - startsHome Equity Conversion Mortgage - startsHousing Advice and Delivery Service for older people - startsStatement of Government Policy on Housing and AccommodationHousing Corporation subsidised mortgages: Interest rate increasedState Houses, Māori housing pool - starts (though delayed until 1949)Community Funding Agency - createdFull market rents for State Houses - second roundState House sales - restartsTenure Protection Allowance - startsAccommodation Supplement - changedFull market rents for State Houses - third roundSpecial Transfer Allowance - startsState Houses - rent freezeRural Housing Scheme - startsHousing Policy transferred to the Department of Social WelfareAllocation System for State Housing - startsTenure Protection Allowance - stopsSpecial Transfer Allowance - stopsHousing Corporation Community Renewal programme - startsCommunity Group Housing Rent Relief Fund - startsHousing New Zealand Limited - mergedCommunity Housing Limited - mergedHousing Corporation of New Zealand - mergedHobsonville Housing Project - startsAuckland City Council pensioner housing sold to Housing New Zealand CorporationHousing Innovation Fund - startsMangere Integrated Service Pilot - startsDepartment of Building and Housing - createdRural Housing Programme - extendedNew Zealand Housing Strategy releasedCommunity Housing Rent Support Scheme - startsHome Ownership Scheme - extendedHNZC integration with MSDHouse Prices Unit: Final report releasedAffordable Housing: Enabling Territorial Authorities Act - passedShared Equity Home Ownership Pilot Scheme - startsWelcome Home Loan Mortgage Insurance Scheme - extendedHNZC Options and Advice Service - pilot startsState House sales - restartHousing Shareholders Advisory Group - createdHNZC Options and Advice Service - startsHousing Shareholders Advisory Group reportAffordable Housing: Enabling Territorial Authorities Act - repealedGateway Housing Scheme for First Home-Buyers - startsProductivity Commission examination of Housing AffordabilityHousing Policy relocated to the Department of Building and HousingSocial Housing Fund - startsProductivity Commission released its draft report on Housing AffordabilityHNZC Options and Advice Service - stopsProductivity Commission’s final report on Housing Affordability - releasedGateway Housing Scheme for First Home Buyers - stopsMBIE - createdTamaki Redevelopment Company - createdGovernment response to the Productivity Commission’s Inquiry into Housing AffordabilityHobsonville Point - affordable housing quota reintroducedKainga Whenua Scheme - changedSocial Housing ReformDraft strategic framework for the regeneration of TāmakiFirstHome Scheme - startsWeymouth Affordable Housing Development - startsSpecial Housing Areas - locations announcedKainga Whenua Infrastructure Grant - startsHousing Accords and Special Housing Areas Act 2013: Additional regions/districts addedSocial housing transferred to the Ministry of Social DevelopmentMinisterial Direction on Eligibility for Social HousingIncome-related rent subsidy extended to registered community housing providersCommunity Housing Regulatory Authority - createdSocial Housing Fund - extendedMaori Housing Strategy - launchedImport Tariffs on Building Supplies - suspendedSocial Housing - first community provider registeredCommunity Finance Pilot Scheme - startsKiwiSaver Homestart Scheme - First home buyers assistanceSocial Housing - Purchasing IntentionsTamaki Transformation Programme: Announcement of the transfer of state housing assetsState Houses - transfer to Community Housing ProvidersSocial Housing: More flexible purchasing arrangementsHousing Legislation - remedial mattersHousing Support Assistance Programme - changedGovernment Contingency Fund - startsTenancy Laws - changedSocial Housing - increase AucklandSocial Housing Reform (Transactions Mandate) Bill - startsTransfer of state houses to the Tāmaki Redevelopment CompanySocial Housing Fund for Relocating from Auckland - startsKiwiSaver Homestart Scheme - changedEmergency Housing Providers - fast-trackedResidential Tenancies Act - amendedVulnerable Housing Funds - startKiwisaver Homestart Scheme - changedHousing First funding - startsSocial Housing funding - increasesHousing Accords and Special Housing Areas - extendedNorthcote Housing Development - startsChristchurch City Council Social Housing: Mananagement transferred to a TrustEmergency Housing Fund - changedSocial Housing Purchasing Strategy releasedOwnership and management of State housing in Tauranga transferred to a Community Housing ProviderSocial housing valuation reportState House sales - stopAuckland Housing Relocation Grant - stopsAccommodation Supplement - changedMinistry of Housing and Urban Development - createdHousing First Programme - changedKiwiBuild Scheme - registration of interestPublic Housing Plan 2018-2022Reform of the Residential Tenancies Act 1986: Government discussion documentHousing New Zealand - social objectives instatedSocial Housing: Appointment of the ‘regulatory authority’ and the ‘social housing agency’Housing and Urban Development Authority - createdHousing Accords and Special Housing Areas - stopsNational Housing ConferenceHome Ownership Act - passedFamily Benefits (Home Ownership) Amendment Act - passedHome Ownership Savings Scheme - changedHome Ownership Account Scheme - stopsNative Housing Amendment Act - passedNative Department - createdDepartment of Māori Affairs - renamedMinistry of Maori Affairs - createdIwi Transition Agency - createdDepartment of Maori Affairs - splitTe Puni Kōkiri - createdHunn Report - publishedTown and Country Planning Act - passedReserve Bank of New Zealand Amendment Act - passedHobsonville Land Company - createdHobsonville Land Company - changes to HLCHLC - mergedHousing New Zealand - mergedKiwiBuild - mergedMortgage Corporation - mergedState Advances Office - merged'Mother of all Budgets'Housing Restructuring (Incomes Related Rent) Amendment Act - passedHousing Corporation of New Zealand no longer required to return a surplusHousing Restructuring and Tenancy Matters Act - passedSocial Housing Reform (Housing Restructuring and Tenancy Matters Amendment) Act - passedMāori Housing Network - startsBoard of Māori Affairs Lending Scheme - startsDepartment of Maori Affairs Manutuke housing development - openDepartment of Māori Affairs housing development Southern Maori DistrictMPs debate number of houses built by Department of Maori AffairsBoard of Native Affairs - createdMaori Home Loans - 0.2% govt spendMaori housing pool - startsDepartment of Maori Affairs takes over State House allocation for Maori from SACNative Department housing required to conform to Health Department and local by-lawsMaori Labour MPs meet over housing58 construction teams building housing for Department of Native Affairs30 construction teams building housing for Department of Native Affairs78 construction teams building housing for Department of Native AffairsMaori Land Boards take over house construction from MoW430 Tribal Committees operating'Group' Housing - startsMaori Welfare Officers investigate 14,500 housing casesMaori Social and Economic Advancement Act - passedMaori Welfare Officers - createdT T Rophia becomes Under-Secretary of Maori AffairsNo minimum deposit for Maori borrowers - startsDepartment of Maori Affairs Urban Relocation Scheme - startsDepartment of Māori Affairs Urban Relocation Scheme - endsDepartment of Maori Affairs - new loan optionDepartment of Māori Affairs - loan conditions amendedMaori Affairs Research Committee - starts25.2% of Maori housing provided 'free' by employerCornwall Report recommends Maori Housing section of Department of Maori Affairs is wound downAdvances to Workers Act - passedInterest rate controls removedMaori Reserved Land Amendment Act - passedGovt sells $500 million of mortgages to private consortiumMaori threaten Govt with High Court over state house salesRailways Department one of New Zealand’s largest house-builders and landlordsBriefing for the Minister of HousingSocial Housing Reform Programme - startsRenewable state housing tenancies - startRenters United - formedSocial Allocation System - changed34.4 percent of primary state house tenants identified as MāoriHNZC team to process rent applications - createdArdern rules out capital gains taxLoan to value ratio - startsPwC report on leaky homesCouncils concerned over Kainga Ora powersGovt announces $300 million for homelessnessMedian house price in NZ $700,000KiwiBuild "reset"Homelessness Action Plan - starts126 workers’ dwellings built under Advances to Workers ActWorkers Dwelling Act - passedManpower Act - passedSustaining Tenacies pilot - launchedSustaining Tenancies funding boostEmergency Housing Special Needs
Grant - startsStocktake of New Zealand Housing report publishedHousing Foundation - startsSalvation Army - startsTown Planning Act - passedTown Planning ConferenceState Advances Amendment Act - passedNaenae construction - startsMaori War Effort Organisation - startsMaori Women's Welfare League - startsSubstantial improvement in in expenditure on Maori housing between 1961 and 1966.New Zealand Maori Council report on housing since Hunn ReportCommittees created by Maori Social and Economic Advancement Act become multi-tribalMaori Community Development Act - passedNew Zealand Māori Council - startsDepartment of Native Affairs Panure housing surveyPomare made Native Health Officer, powers over housingNative Sanitary Inspectors - startInfluenza epidemic highlights Maori housing issuesMaori homes around South Island surveyed - 1935-1937Native Department recommends Maori homes kept under £300Many Maori communities distrust loan schemesNative Purposes Act - passedNative hostel in Bluff opensFirst Native hostel in NZ built in NelsonNative hostel opened in AucklandNative hostel in Wellington openedNative hostel in Dunedin openedNative hostel in Christchurch openedDepartment of Maori Affairs housing surveyChch State Advances office transfers too many houses to DMAAdvances to Settlers Act - passedHousing Survey Act - passedTaita construction - beginsTamaki construction - startsOranga construction - startsPorirua construction - startsGlen Innes construction - starts1000 State Houses Otara - proposedMaori Affairs Department Housing Pukekohe - startsMCC meets MoW over Otara DevelopmentFirst parade of homes in South AucklandFirst Manurewa Parade of Homes - opensPapakura's first Parade of Homes - opens70% of State Houses allocated for Maori are in Auckland regionMangere State Housing - announcedTown Planning Institute reportNational Govt Housing PolicyState house sales to Maori - startsExtension of mortgage period for MaoriMWWL petitions for DMA to run rentals for MāoriDMA head proposes dramatic increase in Māori house buildingReport of the Commission of Inquiry: Housing in New ZealandMWWL petition to make it illegal to advertise for 'European only' tenantsMWWL advocate for pepper potting strategySpecial Committee on Moral Delinquency in Children and Young Persons reportThree hostels for Maori in AucklandFund for Maori hostels around NZ - startsMaori hostel beds: 173Maori hostel beds: 1129Department of Maori Affairs launches trade training schemeOnly 97 houses placed in Māori housing pool since 1948'Pepper-potting' of Maori amongst Pakeha housing - startsMāori Welfare officer reports only 7.5% of families giving trouble or had "moral
problems‟Estimated land remaining in Maori ownership could only support between one-quarter and two-fifths of the 1940 Maori populationRace Relations Report finds racism still present in private rental marketNational denies housing 'crisis'Record $12.6 million spent in 3 months on temporary accommodationMaori Housing Unit establishedMāori housing finance wānangaTe Matapihi - startsDepartment of Maori Affairs begins urban lendingState Advances Corporation hands over loan applications to Department of Maori AffairsHCNZ lending rules changeMaori account for 27% of Accommodation Supplement8% of Maori paying 30% or more of income on housing29% of Maori paying 30% or more of income on housingMaori Affairs and Town and Country Planning Acts created "economically retarded areas"Estimated that half 86,000 Maori inadequately housed10,000 Maori in AucklandSOE Act - passedGroup Building Scheme - ends3% loans -startWaiapu County Māori housing survey17% of Māori population living in citiesDepartment of Native Affairs national housing surveyCensus reveals disparity between Māori and non-Māori housingCensus reveals disparities in Māori and non-Māori housing amenities26% of Māori population living in cities62% of Māori population living in cities80% of Māori population living in citiesCensus shows improvement in amenities disparityCensus shows improvement in housing disparitiesNative Lands Act - passedDepartment of Native Affairs Minister: "Māori housing is the worst blot on the administrative system of New Zealand"Government funding of housing peaksOnly 17/100 councils have planning systemRents on state tenancies fixedEmployment and Housing of Maori ConferenceAlmost a third of state housing stock soldState loans account for 36% all houses built in 1954State loans account for 19% all houses built in 1950COVID - NZ borders closeUN Special Rapporteur declares NZ housing crisis breach of human rightsMedian house price in NZ $850,000, up 25% in a yearLegislation limiting the deductibility of interest costs on residential property investments in developmentGovt delivers 12,000 public homes since 2017Waitangi Tribunal Wai 2750 report into homelessness - publishedNational Māori Housing ConferenceRMA to be repealed and replacedUrban Development Act - passedKāinga Ora–Homes and Communities Act - passedRotorua Housing Accord - passedPublic Housing Plan 2021-2024Reserve Bank lifts loan to value restrictions for 12 monthsReserve Bank cuts OCR to record low 0.25 percent906 'mega' landlords identified, owning over 20 properties each, total of 22,100Property investors own more homes than either first home buyers or single homeownersMAIHI Ka Ora - The National Māori Housing Strategy - startsGovernment Policy Statement on Housing and Urban Development (GPS-HUD) - passedMAIHI Ka Ora Implementation Plan publishedHe Taupua Fund - startsHe Kuku ki te Kainga Fund - startsHe Taupae Fund - startsInfrastructure Acceleration Fund - startsConstruction Sector Accord Network - startsNational Policy Statement on Urban Development (NPS-UD) - passedLocal Innovation and Partnership Fund - startsOperating Supplement - extendedRapid Rehousing - startsResidential Tenancies (Prohibiting Letting Fees) Amendment Act 2018 - passedResidential Tenancies Amendment Act 2019 - passedResidential Tenancies Amendment Act 2020 - passedMedian house price in NZ $1 millionInfrastructure Funding and Financing Act 2020 - passedWai 2750 – Housing Policy and Services Kaupapa Inquiry report releasedUrban Growth Agenda (UGA) - createdNational Party withdraws support for NPS - UDOCR hits 5.5%Housing Acceleration Fund - startsHouse prices peakProgressive Home Ownership Fund - startsHousing shortage down to 23,000 homesPublic Finance Act 1989 - passedLocal Government Amendment Act 1989 - passedMedian weekly rent hits all time highWhai Kāinga Whai Oranga Fund - startsProvincial Growth Fund - startsWaingākau Housing Development Ltd receives Provincial Growth Fund fundingTe Matapihi calls for 'high-trust' funding in wake of cycloneKainga Ora Housing Delivery System - startsMAIHI Ka Ora – the National Māori Housing Strategy - passedIwi-Government partnerships announced - 550 homesProgressive Home Ownership extended to existing housesHe Ara Hiki Mauri - startsKainga Ora additional borrowing $2.75b from Crown’s New Zealand Debt ManagementTaxation Act - passedAfter 4 Working Groups Labour abandons CGTFiscal Responsibility Act (FRA) - passedLocal Government Act - passedGlobal Financial Crisis impacts NZ house pricesNational puts downward pressure on interest rates in response to GFCTaxation (Bright-line Test for Residential Land) - passedBrightline tax extneded to five yearsBrightline tax extended to ten yearsPublic and Community Housing Management Act - passedResource Management Amendment Act - passedWelcome Home Loan and HomeStart Grant - renamed/changedWelcome Home Loan - startsHomeStart Grant - startsConcerns about 'mortgage bomb' as many refix loans to much higher ratesFirst Home Partner - startsHome ownership at lowest level since 1951Increasing number of new homeowners in negative equity$220m joint venture Crown/Wellington City Council refurbish social housingDomestic Purposes Benefit Act - passedDevelopment Finance Corporation - createdHousing Corporation Amendment Act - passedHousing Restructuring and Tenancy Matters Act - passedHomestart Deposit Scheme - changedUniversal Family Benefit - endsAccommodation Benefit - changedAccommodation Supplement - extendedHousing: Refinance and second chance loans - startsAccommodation Benefit - startsAccommodation Benefit - changesHousing Corporation: Building Suspensory Loans - startsAccommodation Benefit: changesAccommodation Benefit (Special) - startsHousing Corporation – Income-related interest rates - startsMinisterial Advisory Committee to advise on a Māori Perspective for the Department of Social Welfare - createdEquity Sharing Scheme - startsSweat Equity Scheme - startsMultiple Ownership Housing Contract – startsHome Start Deposit Scheme - startsHome Start Deposit Scheme - endsAccommodation Benefit - changedSocial Security Amendment Act - passedSocial Security Act - passedSocial Security Act - passedHomestart Deposit Scheme - changesPublic Works ActPublic Works Department - createdMinistry of Works Act - passedMinistry of Works - createdState Advances Corporation Act - passedTasman Pulp and Paper Company Enabling Act - passedFamily Benefits (Home Ownership) Act - passedUniversal Family Benefit - startsSocial Security Act - passedSocial Security Amendment Act 1945 - passedHealthy Homes Standards - startsDischarged Soldiers Settlement Act - passedRehabilitation Act - passedHipkins rules out capital gains tax/wealth tax50% of houses purchased in Auckland bought by property investors in 2003Reserve Bank of New Zealand Act - passedReserve Bank of New Zealand Act - passedLarge Scale Asset Purchase programme - startsFunding for Lending Programme (FLP) - startsEmergency Housing Special Needs Grant - startsHe Ara Hiki Mauri - startsKāinga Ora’s borrowing capacity increased by NZ$2.75 billion for FY2022/23.Healthy Homes Standards - startsNative Land Act - passedNew Zealand Constitution Act - passedNative Districts Regulation Act - passedNative Circuit Courts Act - passedTreaty of Waitangi - signedResident Magistrates Ordinance - passedNative Reserves Act - passedPublic Works Lands Act - passedNative Land Act - passedMaori Land Administration Act - passedMaori Land Settlement Act - passedMaori Affairs Act - passedMaori Affairs Amendment Act - passedTe Ture Whenua Maori - passedNative Land Court - createdNative Lands Act - passedRees–Carroll Commission - createdNative Land Court Act - passedNew Zealand Settlements Act - passedLand Act - passedNative Reserves Amendment Act - passedMaori Councils Act - passedMunicipal Corporation Act - passedPublic Health Act - passedThreat of Bubonic PlaguePublic Health Act - passedTurbott Report - publishedRest Homes Act - passedNative Trustee Act - passedNew Zealand State-guaranteed Advances Act - passedState Advances Act - passedPublic Health Act - passedPublic Health Act - passedDepartment of Public Health - createdMaori Councils Amendment Act - passedPublic Health Act - passedPublic Health Amendment Act - passedHighways Boards Empowering Act - passedCounties Act - passedMunicipal Corporations Act - passedTown Districts Act - passedRating Act - passedNative Land Rating Act - passedHousing Corporation Act - passedCommunity Housing Aotearoa - createdPublic and Community Housing Management (Community Housing Provider) Regulations - passedCommunity Housing Regulatory Authority - mergedKiwiBuild Unit - startsKiwiBuild Unit - mergedHousing and urban policy functions move from MBIE to MHUDPolicy advice for emergency, transitional and public housing moves from MSD to MHUDDepartment of Building and Housing - mergedMinistry of Housing - mergedCOVID-19 Public Health Response (Protection Framework) Order - passedPublic Housing Tenancy Reviews - pausedEmergency Housing Pilot in Rotorua - startsHealthy Homes Standards: Statement of compliance - startsSocial Housing - changesEmergency Housing Special Needs Grant: Client contribution implementedPorirua Housing Partnership: Transfer of State housesLand Claims Ordinance - passedNative Land Purchase Ordinance - passedNative Land Court - becomes permanentImmigration and Public Works Act - passedCabinet approved a small subsidy of £500 toward Maori house constructionNative Land Amendment Act - passedNative Land Amendment and Native Land Claims Adjustment Act - passedDirectly or indirectly, state financing 50% of all houses builtSpecial Maori Housing Fund - startsNative Department Building Organisation - createdProposal to provide rental housing for Maori in main urban centres declinedMaori Land Boards - createdNative Department Works Depots - createdHousing Division supplies land for Group Building SchemeState Advances Corporation provides funding for Group Building SchemeHousing Account - startsHousing Account - endsState Advances Office - createdPublic Works develops plans for Native AffairsPeriods
First Labour GovernmentLiberal GovernmentReform GovernmentUnited GovernmentUnited-Reform GovernmentFirst National GovernmentSecond Labour GovernmentSecond National GovernmentThird Labour GovernmentThird National GovernmentFourth Labour GovernmentFourth National GovernmentFifth Labour GovernmentFifth National GovernmentSixth Labour Government551 houses built under Native Land Development schemeDepartment of Māori Affairs builds 7,312 housesDMA and SAC build 12,903 houses for Māori2289 houses built under Native Housing ActContinuous GovernmentPeriod without responsible Government
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