Events
Stella Dadzie, A Kick in the Belly: Women, Slavery and Resistance, is publishedThe 200th anniversary of the passing of the Abolition of the Slave Trade ActThe History of Mary Prince, published in 1831.David Martin, Portrait of Dido Elizabeth Belle and Lady Elizabeth Murray, 1779."Beloved" by Toni Morrison (1987)Distress Of the Centaur on the Night of the 16th of Septr, 1782Paul Gilroy, There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack, 1987Stuart Hall and Paul du Gay (editors), Questions of Cultural Identity, 1996Alan Read (editor), The Fact of Blackness: Frantz Fanon and Visual Representation, 1996Audre Lorde, The Master's Tools Will Never Dismantle The Master's House, 1984Françoise Vergès, A Decolonial Feminism, 2021.Paul Gilroy, The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness, 1993BLM protests in the UKThe Act of Parliament to abolish the British slave tradeDavid Olusoga, Black History for Every Day of the Year is set to be published.President Biden signed legislation that made Juneteenth a federal holidayRhodes Must FallThe Harriet Tubman BicentennialGrenfell Tower was destroyed in a severe fire1672: The Royal African Company is formedIsaac Cruikshank, The Abolition of the Slave Trade. 1792.J.M.W, Turner, The Slave Ship. 1840.Édouard Manet, Olympia, 1863.Frédéric Bazille, Young Woman with Peonies, 1870.Phyllis Wheatley's book is publishedSimeon Solomon, Fanny Eaton, 1860Tacky’s Revolt or Rebellion (1760-1761)Elmina Castle was builtThomas Hudson, Portrait of John Byng, 1749.Titus Andronicus written by ShakespeareThe Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act 1918 was passed.Representation of the People Act 1928.Agostino Brunias, Free Women of Color with their Children and Servants in a Landscape, c.1770-96.Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin is publishedGeorge Perry Floyd Jr. is murdered in US by a police officer"BLACK VENUS: Reclaiming Black Women in Visual Culture" exhibitionThomas Stothard, "The Voyage of the Sable Venus from Angola to the West Indies" c.1800.The remains of Saartjie Baartman returned to South Africa.The Wedgwood anti-slavery medallion is createdSaartjie Baartman arrives in EuropeThe Slave Compensation Act 1837British taxpayers finish ‘paying off’ compensation to British slavers.The Slavery Abolition Act (1833)Slave Trade Felony Act 1811 enactedIn 1823, the Anti-Slavery Society was founded in London.Indian Slavery Act, 1843Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist is published as a bookIgnatius Sancho became the first known person of African descent to vote in a British general electionCamille Silvy, Aina (Sarah Forbes Bonetta (later Davies), 1862The Blind Enthusiast, print, satirical print, London, 1792The Great Fire of LondonGilt of Cain by Michael Visocchi & Lemn SissayThe Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 (New Poor Law)The Married Women's Property Act 1870Gunpowder PlotElizabeth I, The ‘Golden Speech’Elizabeth I, The ‘Tilbury Speech’First recording of a Brit enslaving Africans on a voyageCoventry Patmore, The Angel in the House, (poem) is publishedThe "Asiento de negros" contractEarliest document found in the Parliamentary Archives relating to Africa is laid before the House of LordsBritish slave trade opened to private tradersThe Zong massacreIra Aldridge as Aaron in 'Titus Andronicus' (Etching)Publication of Olaudah Equiano's autobiographyEmma Jones (later Soyer), Two Children with a Book, 1831.Mary Secole awarded Order of Merit.Kara Walker, Fons Americanus, 2019Francois-Auguste Biard, The Slave Trade
c. 1833.British Museum is FoundedTate Britain is foundedMuseum of London Docklands is openedThe Spanish ArmadaKelso Cochrane is murdered in Notting HillThe 1981 Brixton riotsThe Royal Academy of Arts is foundedVictoria and Albert Museum is foundedThe National Portrait Gallery is foundedThe Great Exhibition opensEntangled Pasts, 1768–now: Art, Colonialism and Change exhibition, RA.Thomas Gainsborough, Ignatius Sancho
1768John Singleton Copley,
Watson and the Shark, 1778.Ottobah Cugoano's 'Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery' is publishedSonia Boyce, Lay back, keep quiet and think of what made Britain so great, 1986.Thomas Jones Barker, The Secret of England’s Greatness c. 1862Dorothy 'Cherry' Groce shot by PoliceThe Broadwater Farm riotBetye Saar, I’ll Bend But I Will Not Break, 1998.Aphra Behn, Oroonoko is publishedStephen Lawrence is murderedThe 1991 UK census includes ethnicity for the first timeThe Race Relations ActRecords of Africans living in Westminster since at least 1571.William Hogarth, Marriage A-la-Mode: 4, The Toilette, c.1745.Michele Gordigiani, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, 1858Mary Wollstonecraft's 'A Vindication of the Rights of Woman' is publishedMary Wollstonecraft's 'Thoughts on the Education of Daughters (1787)' is publishedThe Magic Flute by Mozart is performed for the first timeSt Paul’s Cathedral is declared completeWalpole took up residence at Downing StreetThe London Gazette was first publishedThe Acts of Union passedSir Robert Walpole becomes the the first British Prime MinisterThe Battle of TrafalgarThe History of Tom Jones (1749) by Henry Fielding is publishedGulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift is publishedEast India Company is FoundedRené Descartes' Discourse on the Method is publishedIsaac Newton's Principia Mathematica is publishedDavid Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature is publishedThe Bank of England is foundedMutiny on the BountyWilberforce makes his first major speech on the abolition of the slave tradeCharles Darwin's On The Origin of Species is published1604 Witchcraft ActPublication of "Sense and Sensibility" is publishedPublication of "Pride and Prejudice" is publishedPublication of "Robinson Crusoe" is publishedEstablishment of Blue Stockings Society: 1756Last Execution for Witchcraft (Alice Molland)Great Plague of London: 1665Charlotte Lennox's "The Female Quixote" is publishedQueen Victoria opened the Royal Albert HallPublication of "Jane Eyre" is published"Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus" by Mary Shelley is published"The History of Emily Montague" by Frances Brooke (1769)"The Woman of Colour" (Anonymous) is published"Obi; or, The History of Three-Fingered Jack" by William Earle (1800)"The Missionary: An Indian Tale" by Sydney Owenson (Lady Morgan) (1811)"Zofloya; or, The Moor" by Charlotte Dacre (1806) is published"The Grateful N*gro" by Maria Edgeworth (1804)"Slavery, A Poem" by Hannah More (1788)"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano" by Olaudah Equiano (1789)"Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral" by Phillis Wheatley (1773)"An Essay on the Treatment and Conversion of African Slaves in the British Sugar Colonies" by James Ramsay (1784)"Letters of the Late Ignatius Sancho, an African" (1782)"The Sorrows of Yamba; or, The N*gro Woman's Lamentation" by Hannah More (1795) (Poem)"A Poem on the Bill Lately Passed for Regulating the Slave Trade" by Helen Maria Williams (1788)"The West Indian" by Richard Cumberland (Play) is first staged.Olympe de Gouges' "Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen": is published (French).The Pendle Witch Trials in 16121563 Witchcraft ActJamaica gains independenceTrinidad and Tobago gains independenceBarbados gains independenceBahamas gains independenceGrenada gains independenceSaint Lucia gains independenceSaint Vincent and the Grenadines gains independenceAntigua and Barbuda gain independenceSaint Kitts and Nevis gain independenceThe first Trooping of the Colour took placeThe first railroad built in Great BritainThe 'penny post' is implementedThe Great Famine hits IrelandThe issue of the London Docks was discussed in the House of CommonsThe 1889 dock strikeEdward Elgar composes "Land of Hope and Glory"Broadmoor opensGranville Sharp begins legal challenges to the British slave trade with the case of Jonathan Strong.Dolben's Act is passedJohann Zoffany, The Family of Sir William Young (1767 - 1769)William Jackson, A Liverpool Slave Ship, circa 1780.Sir Thomas Picton found guilty of torture of Luisa CalderónSecond Maroon War in Jamaica; Fedon's Rebellion in Grenada.Dr. Angela Davis, Are Prisons Obsolete? is publishedFrantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks is publishedbell hooks, Art on My Mind is publishedSojourner Truth "Ain't I a Woman" SpeechSt Helena urged to return remains of 325 formerly enslaved people to AfricaBritish Museum Moves Bust of Founder, Who Profited From SlaveryBeyoncé’s Black Parade released (song)Ingrid Pollard, Pastoral Interlude, No.4, 1988.Leonardo Drew, Number 25, 1992. (Cotton Installation)Harmonia Rosales, Birth of Oshun, 2017.Titus Kaphar, Behind the Myth of Benevolence, 2014 (US)Torkwase Dyson, Liquid a Place (2021).Liverpool Biennial 2023Kara Walker, No World, 2010Margaret Taylor Goss Burroughs, Black Venus, 1957.Modified medallion "Am I not a woman and a sister." (US)Polygraphs exhibition at the Gallery of Modern Art (GoMA) opensPeter Lely, Lady Tollemache, Later Countess of Dysart and Duchess of Lauderdale with a Black Servant, c.1651 (Scottish)William Jones, The Black Boy, c.1769John Giles Eccardt (British), Lady Grace Carteret, Countess of Dysart with a Child and a Black Servant, Cockatoo and Spaniel (c.1740)Marlene Smith, Time Travel, 2019. (Sculpture)Marlene Smith's exhibition AH, SUGARNicholas Matthew Condy, The Capture of the Slaver 'Gabriel' by HMS 'Acorn', 1841James Hayllar, Granville Sharp the Abolitionist Rescuing a Slave from the Hands of His Master, 1864Lady Arbella Stuart marries William Seymour 2nd Duke of SomersetJan van Belcamp, The Great Picture, 1646. (Painting of Lady Anne Clifford)"Critique of Pure Reason" by Immanuel Kant (1781) is published"The Wealth of Nations" by Adam Smith (1776)"Candide" by Voltaire (1759)"The Communist Manifesto" by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels (1848) is published"Moby-Dick" by Herman Melville (1851)"Crime and Punishment" by Fyodor Dostoevsky (1866) is published"Democracy in America" by Alexis de Tocqueville (1835-1840) is published"War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy (1869) is published"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" by Lewis Carroll (1865) is published"Tess of the d'Urbervilles" by Thomas Hardy (1891) is published"The Time Machine" by H.G. Wells (1895) is published"David Copperfield" by Charles Dickens (1850) is publishedSigmund Freud, The Ego and the Id (1923)Karl Marx, Das Kapital, is publishedThe West India Dock Act 1799Scene of the opening of the Grand Dock at West India Docks, 27th August 1802; with the ship the 'Henry Addington' decorated with flags of various nations firing her cannons.Sarah Forbes Bonetta marries James Pinson Labulo Davies in BrightonSarah Forbes Bonnetta arrives in BritainCharles Philips (British), Mary Helden (1726–1766) with a Dog and Her Black Page, 'Sambo' (1739)First dated publication in Britain: Dictes and Sayenges of the Phylosophers"Lyrical Ballads" by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1798) is publishedLast public hanging in the UKJohn ‘Jack’ Sheppard is executedNavigation Acts passed to regulate colonial trade.Act of Uniformity passedThe world's first commercial telegraph lineOriginal BT foundedJoseph Denny imprisoned at PentonvilleTavares Strachan “The First Supper (Galaxy Black)"(2023)Joshua Reynolds “Portrait of a Man, Probably Francis Barber” (c. 1770).Exhibition ‘Black Atlantic. Power People Resistance’ Fitzwilliam Museum in CambridgeDartmoor prison opensDaguerreotype invented in FranceHeart of the Race: Black Women's Lives in Britain in 1985 is publishedClaude Monet, The Water Lily Pond, 1899.John Everett Millais, Ophelia, c 1851The first (known) Jack the Ripper murder (Polly Nichols)Thomas, Gainsborough, The Blue Boy (c. 1770)The Royal Academy of Music is established as a companyCatherine Hayes becomes the last woman burned to death at the stake in England.The building of Westminster Bridge begins.The British Museum opens its doors.The rebuilt Theatre Royal, Drury Lane opens.The opening of Bridgewater Canal ushered in the canal age in Britain.The Peterloo Massacre, Lancashire.1788 Chimney Sweepers Act1802 Factory Act (43 Geo. 3 c. 73)Charles Kingsley 'The Water-Babies' (novel) is published.The Metropolitan Railway opensDr Edward Jenner created the world's first successful vaccine.Isaac Newton's most famous book, Principia, is published“He has been here and fired a gun” (Summer Exhibition in 1832)Execution of Marie AntoinetteBoard of Longitude establishedBattle of Plassey in IndiaAmerica declares independence from Great Britain.The Act of Union unites Great Britain and IrelandBattle of WaterlooMary Seacole is born in JamaicaMary Seacole dies in London aged 75.Mary Seacole voted the Greatest Black Briton."I trust that England will not forget one who nursed her sick,"Mary Seacole's autobiography 'Wonderful Adventures of Mrs Seacole in Many Lands' is published.Handel's “Messiah” is first performed in DublinMozart composes 'Eine kleine Nachtmusik'Beethoven composes "Für Elise"Vivaldi composes 'The Four Seasons'Puccini's ‘Nessun Dorma’ from Turandot is first perfomed'God Save The King' first performed in London in 1745Handel composed 'Zadok the Priest'Ann Duck sentenced to hangRMS Titanic sinks"Rule, Britannia!" poem by James ThomsonThe Society for Missions to Africa and the East was foundedLiverpool and Slavery: An Historical Account of the Liverpool-African Slave Trade by a Genuine “Dicky Sam.” is publishedObservations on a Guinea voyage by James Field Stanfield is publishedRevolt on island of Saint DomingueThe International Slavery Museum in Liverpool opens"Amazing Grace" is written by John Newton"Jerusalem" is written by William Blake"Auld Lang Syne" (1788) is written by Robert Burns."The Minstrel Boy" is written by Thomas MooreThe Subjection of Women by John Stuart Mill
and Harriet Taylor Mill is published (1869)1823 Gaols Act given Royal AssentElizabeth Gurney Fry, "Observations on the visiting, superintendence and government, of female prisoners" (1827) is publishedThe Foundling Hospital is establishedThe Foundling Hospital is opened‘James son of James Concannon Gent, late or now of Jamaca [sic] 1757’. TokenEnfranchisement of Women by Harriet Taylor Mill (1852) is published.The Enfranchisement of Women Committee is foundedHubert von Herkomer, Eventide: A Scene in the Westminster Union, (1878).Berthe Morisot, Marine (The Harbor at Lorient), (1869).North and South by Elizabeth Gaskell is published (fiction)The Queen Caroline Affair: Start of the trialHoratio Nelson diesQueen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee, 1897.The Coal Mines Regulation Act was passedTHE HUSKER PIT DISASTERI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud by William WordsworthBooth's first Descriptive Map of London Poverty is publishedFirst car in BritainThe Spinning Jenny is inventedWilliam Cubitt invented the treadmill.By 1824, there were treadmills in at least 54 prisons in BritainThe use of treadwheels was abolished in Britain by the Prison Act of 1898.The murder of a slave did not become a capital offence in the West Indies until 1804Reverend John Barry's evidence to the House of Lords Select Committee in 1832"In 1807... there were an estimated 775,000 slaves in the British West Indies"The Consolidated Slave Act of 1792 made women with more than six children exempt from labourThe Jamaican Assembly passed an act in 1788 entitling overseers to twenty shillings for every newborn who survived the first two weeks of life...In Barbados, as early as 1673, the cost of a female slave was just under £21 while the price of a male was just under £19.Ya Asantewaa born in modern-day GhanaBy 1750, (Liverpool) was sending more ships to Africa than London and Bristol combinedTestifying in 1790, Dr Robert Thomas informed the House of Commons Select Committee 'the frequent abortions which N*gro women designedly bring on themselves..."In 1847, the New York Express argued there was a "English negrophilism"In 1845, Harriet Jacobs visited Britain "... I was treated according to my deportment..."Olympe de Gouges writes Zamore and Mirza is written.Paul et Virginie by Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre, is first published.Indian Territories—The Select Committee“History is something that needs to be challenged and re-interrogated and revised constantly.”- Bernadine EvaristReni Eddo Lodge, Why I’m No Longer Talking To White People About Race, is published.The World Anti-Slavery Convention, London.Imperial Federation Map of the World Showing the Extent of the British Empire in 1886Sophie Orlando, British Black Art: debates on Western Art History (2016) is published.Britain's Forgotten Slave-owners (BBC) by David Olusoga is broadcastThe Legacies of British Slave-Ownership project commencesSteve McQueen’s Oscar winning film Twelve Years A Slave is first releasedRichard Cumberland’s The West Indian (1771).International Day to Remember Slave Trade Victims Commemorated under Theme ‘Women and Slavery’Nick Draper’s The Price of Emancipation
Slave-Ownership, Compensation and British Society at the End of Slavery, is publishedThe James Ford Special Lecture: Racial capitalism across the black/white Atlantic
by Catherine Hall (UCL)Gendering Property, Racing Capital by Catherine Hall.Edward Long's survey of landownership (1750)Joseph Marryat, Thoughts on the Abolition of the Slave Trade and Civilization of Africa in 1816Catherine Hall, Civilising Subjects: Metropole and Colony in the English Imagination (2002)In 1972, the first book-length history of Black presence in Britain was published by Edward ScobieIgnatius Sancho praises of Britain for its "freedom – and for the many blessings I enjoy in it",Nick Hazlewood, Queen's Slave Trader: Jack Hawkyns, Elizabeth I, and the Trafficking in Human Souls (2004) is publishedArnold van Westerhout, Illustration of an allegorical sculpture in sugar, 1687.Brooke N. Newman, The Queen’s Silence: The Hidden History of the British Monarchy and Slavery, is to be published in 2025.Black Skin/Bluecoat exhibition in Liverpool (4 April - 4 May 1985)Moira Ferguson, Subject to Others: British Women Writers and Colonial Slavery, 1670-1834Moya Bailey coins the term ‘misogynoir’Dr Angelina Osborne & Patrick Vernon 100 Great Black Britons is published.Angela Saini, Superior : The Return of Race Science is published.Gerzina, G. (1995) Black London: Life Before Emancipation is published.Shyllon, F.O. (1974) Black slaves in Britain is publishedBlackett, R.J.M. (1978) ‘Fugitive Slaves in Britain: The Odyssey of William and Ellen Craft’ is publishedCamp, Stephanie M H (2002) ‘The pleasures of resistance: Enslaved women and body politics in the plantation south, 1830-1861’,Schwarcz, L.M. (2018) ‘Black nannies: hidden and open images in the paintings of Nicolas-Antoine Taunay’ is publishedFuentes, M.J. (2016) Dispossessed lives: enslaved women, violence, and the archive.Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist is published as a three-volume book in 1838Simon P. Newman, Freedom Seekers
Escaping from Slavery in Restoration London is published.The Brooks slave ship drawing is published in BritainBritain's History and Memory of Transatlantic Slavery is published.Woolf, J., & Abraham, K. N. (2022). Black Victorians: Hidden in History is publishedTamika Y. Nunley, "The Demands of Justice: Enslaved Women, Capital Crime, and Clemency in Early Virginia, 1662-1865" is publishedGretchen Gerzina, Black England: A Forgotten Georgian History is published.Gretchen Gerzina, Black London: Life before Emancipation is publishedBiyi Bandele's Yorùbá Boy Running is publishedZadie Smith's The Fraud is publishedThe 'Tichborne Trial'Scotland Yard, the site of their first headquarters, opens.John Singleton Copley, Distress Of the Centaur on the Night of the 16th of Septr, 1782. 1801,The Exposition Universelle opensAuschwitz-Birkenau opens as a museum.Nelson Mandela is released from prison.Nelson Mandela passes awayNelson Mandela is arrested in KwaZulu-NatalIn 1967 the law banning interracial marriage was ruled unconstitutional in the USThe British Colonial Office published a circular known as the "Concubine Circular"Syd Shelton: Rock Against Racism photographic exhibitionThe first RAR gig took placeThe Earl of Abergavenny sinks near WeymouthBlack Panther (2018) is released in the UKBeyonce headlines CoachellaBlack Art: In the Absence of Light (HBO Documentary)"I Am Not Your N*gro" (2016) directed by Raoul Peck is released in the UK"13th" directed by Ava DuVernay is released in the UK.John Richard Archer becomes the first black mayor of a borough in London.Race Relations Act 1976 is passedthe Commission for Racial Equality is establishedThe Equality Act 2010, which superseded and consolidated previous discrimination law in the UK.The Race Relations Amendment ActThe Empire Windrush arrives at
Tilbury Docks, Essex.The Caribbean Artists Movement
(CAM), founded in London in 1966.Trevor McDonald joins ITN and becomes
the first black news reporter.Moira Stuart became Britain's first woman black TV newsreaderThe Voice is founded, becoming the first
British national black weekly newspaper.UK elects four black members of parliamentDavid Ochterlony Dyce Sombre is elected MP for Sudbury, Suffolk.Dadabhai Naoroji is elected Liberal MP for Finsbury Central.Naomi Campbell becomes the first black
model to cover French Vogue.Sons of Africa formedPablo Fanque bornWilliam Davidson is executedCattelena of Almondsbury recorded living in a Gloucestershire village.Hundreds of Black Britons were transported from London for resettlement in a colony in Sierra LeoneJohn Fielding: “there are already a great number of black men and women who have made themselves so troublesome..."Tristram Hunt's article "Should museums return their colonial artefacts?"Egypt demanded that the Louvre return five fragments of a wall painting from the tomb of Tetaki.The Museum of Black Civilisations in Dakar, Senegal opensA group of museum and heritage professionals forms Museum DetoxSumaya Kassim's article ‘The Museum Is the Master’s House: An Open Letter to Tristram Hunt.’Dan Hicks, The Brutish Museums: The Benin Bronzes, Colonial Violence and Cultural Restitution is publishedThe British raid on Benin 1897The Uganda Museum celebrates the return of 39 artefacts from
the Museum of Archaeology, CambridgeLooking Back, Looking Forward: Decolonising the Museum debateThe government publishes ‘retain and explain’ guidanceWork has started on a new decolonisation guide for museums focused on UkraineOur Island Stories: Country Walks Through Colonial Britain, by Corinne FowlerJim Chuchu: Why are stolen African artifacts still in Western museums? TED TalkFrench president Macron announces intention to initiate restitution
of the African patrimony in French museumsThe Sarr-Savoy report is publishedLet’s Talk Labels: A Conversation around the Pitt Rivers Museum’s Labelling Matters projectUnlocking Indigenous knowledge: A new path for education TED Talk.Bailey, David A., et al., editors. Shades of Black: Assembling Black Arts in 1980s Britain. Duke University Press, 2005.The Blk Art group formsThe Black British Museum Project is establishedThe activist Len Garrison founds the Black Cultural ArchivesThe Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984) (PACE)Black Georgians: The Shock of the Familiar exhibition at BCAStaying Power: Photographs of Black British Experience, 1950s – 1990 at V&A with BCALife Between Islands: Caribbean-British Art 1950s exhibition at Tate Britain, London.Decolonising the university and the role of linguistic diversity, talk chaired by Dr Victoria OdeniyiDecolonising British Art: Decentering, Resituating and Reviewing Artworks and Collections seminarDr Alice Correia, "Place of Birth Unavailable" British-South Asian Women Artists and the Archive paperInterim Report on the Connections between
Colonialism and Properties now in the
Care of the National TrustDecolonising The Curatorial Process directed by Dr Orson NavaSonia Boyce: ‘Gathering a history of Black women’ Interview, Tate.Sonia Boyce, Exquisite Cacophony, 2015.Lubaina Himid becomes the first black woman to win the Turner prizeThe Wretched of the Earth (1961) by Martiniquan author Frantz FanonUK Vote on the Brexit referendumThe UK officially leaves the EUAruna D’Souza’s Whitewalling: Art, Race and Protest in 3 ActsTony Bennett, The Birth of the Museum: History, Theory, Politics (Culture: Policy and Politics).Dana Schutz, “Open Casket” (2016) is shown at the 2017 Whitney Biennial.Hanna Adan's The Museum of Bad Vibes podcast airsAlice Procter’s The Whole Picture: The Colonial Story of the Art in Our Museums & Why We Need to Talk About ItSathnam Sanghera, Empireland: How Imperialism Has Shaped Modern BritainREPARATIVE FUTURITIES: THINKING FROM THE OVAHERERO
AND NAMA COLONIAL GENOCIDE article Zoé Samudzi.Ariella Aïsha Azoulay, Potential History: Unlearning Imperialism"The existential threat to Black British History and Queer History at Goldsmiths – 2024"The UK celebrates its first Black History Month.Marcus Rashford receives MBEMarcus Rashford, Jadon Sancho and Bukayo Saka receive racist abuse at Euro 2020.Only a fifth of UK universities have committed to reforming their curriculumIn 1877, Cecil Rhodes called for the British, “the finest race in the world”, to rehabilitate “the most despicable of human beings”First Summer OlympicsOlympic Games open in LondonLady Astor becomes the first woman to take her seat in Parliament.The British Broadcasting Company (BBC) is formedThe BBC's television service startsThe BBC's daily radio broadcasts commencesGoogle is foundedThe Lammy Review (2017) is publishedSection 28 enacted in the UKToppling of the Edward Colston statue, BristolDoreen Lawrence appointed to the House of Lords, Baroness Lawrence of ClarendonSadiq Khan launches the Commission for Diversity in the Public RealmBritain hands Hong Kong back to China, after more than 150 years of British ruleThe Murder of Charles Wootton, LiverpoolFrank Bruno becomes the World Boxing Council Heavyweight ChampionMangrove Nine protestGrumwick StrikeThe British Nationality Act 1981 passedThe British Nationality Act commencesBritain switches on its first nuclear power station, Calder HalSir Tim Berners Lee invents the World Wide WebThe New Cross House fire, south east London.A second inquest into the New Cross House fireAn inquest into the New Cross House fire takes placeBlack People's Day of Action marchMemorial plaque for New Cross fire victims unveiledThe first iPhone is releasedThe first call from a mobile phone takes place, New York City.The League of Coloured Peoples (LCP) is est in LondonThe Macpherson report- the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry is publishedThe Macpherson inquiry is establishedIn the year ending 31 March 2023, there were 529,474 stop and searchesVomfell, L., Stewart, N. Officer bias, over-patrolling and ethnic disparities in stop and search.The inauguration of Barack ObamaBarack Obama is elected the first African-American presidentRiots across London and other UK citiesMark Duggan was shot and killed by police in TottenhamLondon held the first ever Pan-African ConferenceOperation Trident launches new operational unitWar Inna Babylon: The Community’s Struggle for Truths and Rights exhibitionMillard Scott is violently tasered during a police raid.the "Tottenham Three" reportJoy Gardner arrested and died after Police brutalityThe Commissioner of Metropolitan Police stated they would review removal procedures in deportation casesThe ADG officers who arrested Joy Gardner are acquitted.The use of a mouth-gag was banned altogether by the Home Secretary in January 1994.Roger Slyvester goes into a coma after police brutalityTottenham Rights is launchedStormzy launches the Stormzy Scholarship providing financial support to UK Black Cambridge studentsThe Black Heart Foundation is est.18-year-old Anthony Walker was murdered in a horrifyingly violent racist attackThe Anthony Walker Foundation is established.Joey Barton's Anthony Walker murder comments 'lack sensitivity'The first Word version, Word 1.0, is releasedThe first MOBO Awards takes placeYouTube is launchedMyspace is launchedFacebook is launchedTwitter is launchedOperation Trident is set upThe Met discontinue the gangs violence matrix.StopWatch published a report called Being Matrixed – The (Over)policing of gang suspects in LondonBlack Pound Day launchesChannel 4’s launches the Black to Front ProjectThe African and Caribbean War Memorial in London is unveiledLaunch of the Museumand, National Caribbean Heritage MuseumBlack Dolls: The Power of Representation exhibition, National Trust Museum of Childhood1977 Nestlé boycott US & UKLooking Forward, Looking Back : A Conversation on Race & Sexual Violence panel by Survivors' NetworkUK general election takes place"Yo, Theresa May where's that money for Grenfell?" Stormzy Brit performanceBlack Equity Organisation is foundedThe Runnymede Trust is foundedThe first All-Party Parliamentary Group on Race Relations.Race and Community APPG est.Home secretary, Amber Rudd, apologises for confusion and anxiety felt by Windrush generation.Windrush Lessons Learned Review
Independent review by Wendy WilliamsThe Home Office established the Windrush
Lessons Learned ReviewThe Colour of Money: How racial inequalities obstruct a fair and resilient economy report (Runnymede)Kick It Out was established as a campaign with the brand name 'Let's Kick Racism Out of Football' in 1993 and as an organisation in 1997.Diversity Black Lives Matter performance, BGT Semi-FinalsShow Racism the Red Card est.MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech (US)MLK preached in London for the first timPhotograph of Martin Luther King at St Paul’s Cathedral, London, 6 December 1964.Colin Kaepernick first takes the knee (US)Burna Boy becomes first African artist to headline stadium show in the UK.Structural Racism in UK Newsrooms EJN report is published"scholarly resistance [would] lay the groundwork for wide-scale resistance" (Bell, 1995)The Apartheid in South Africa endsSouthall Black Sisters is establishedRAF student pilot Jellicoe Scoon from Trinidad, standing at Parliament Square in London, 26 March 1942The 1980 St. Pauls riot in BristolNewsnight: David Starkey blamed black gangster and rap culture for violenceUK government announced Rwanda planThe Bibby Stockholm accommodation barge announcedKing Kong (1933) is released in the UK.The first black person to win an Oscar, Hattie McDaniel, was made to accept her trophy in a segregated hotel.Sidney Poitier became the first black man to win an OscarCandice Carty-Williams wins "Book of the Year" for Queenie. Annie Leibovitz's Vogue cover of LeBron James and Gisele Bundchen mimics King KongEdward W. Said, Orientalism is publishedThe sus law is repealedBattle of Lewisham in August 1977Windrush: Arrival 1948 at Goldsmiths (exhibition)Susan Moller Okin, "Is Multiculturalism Bad For Women?"Isaac Julien, Lessons of the Hour (2019) shown at MOMAISAAC JULIEN, WHAT FREEDOM IS TO ME, Exhibition at Tate BritainThe Battle of Cable StreetAubrey Williams, Tribal Mark II (1961)Chris Ofili, afro, 2020Kara Walker, Grub for Sharks: A Concession to the Negro Populace, 2004.Fred Wilson, Grey Area, 1993.Fred Wilson's “Mining the Museum” seminal 1992 intervention at the Maryland Historical SocietyBlack British Artists and Political Activism: 'She is not Bullet Proof'The Color Purple (1985), directed by Steven Spielberg is released in the UK"This Is America" by artist Childish Gambino is first released.The Hays CodeThe Murder of Emmett Till, USThe Green Book directed by Peter Farrelly is released in the UKThe Help (2011) is released in the UKHidden Figures is first released.The Secret Life of Bees directed by Gina Prince-BythewoodThe Hate U Give, directed by George Tillman Jr. is released in the UK.The Hate U Give by Angie Thomas is publishedMalorie Blackman's Noughts and Crosses (2001) is publishedBlack Earth Rising, BBC, first airs.The 1833 Factory ActQueen Victoria and Prince Albert, 1854, photographed by Roger Fenton.Queen Victoria, Prince Albert and the royal children 1854 by Roger Fenton.Anna Blunden, The Song of the Shirt, 1854"The moral panic engendered in the 1840s by the vision of
women working in the mines, mills and factories of England..." (Davidoff and Hall p.184.)Woman has no call to the ballot-box, but she has a sphere of her own."
— Rev. John Milton Williams (1893)A New Court of Queen's Bench, an 1849 caricature by George Cruikshank,Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 (US)Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, autobiography by Harriet Jacobs is publishedDegas, Miss La La at the Cirque Fernando, 1879Rashayla Marie Brown (RMB)
Single Black Femme (I Am My Own Institution)
5 July - 25 August 2024Bob Marley & The Wailers released “Buffalo Soldier : "Stolen from Africa, brought to America"Benjamin Zephaniah publicly rejects OBEBenjamin Zephaniah, Pen Rhythm, 1980English Defence League was officially formedThe UPL organised a second demonstration for 24 May, titled "Ban the Terrorists"Donald Locke, Trophies of Empire, 1972–1974Donald Rodney, Land of Milk and Honey II, 1997Donald Rodney, In the House of My Father (1996-97)Erika Tan The ‘Forgotten’ Weaver / Norwich (2018)Yinka Shonibare, Nelson's Ship in a Bottle, 2009.The Past is Now: Birmingham and the British Empire, 2017 exhibitionV&A agrees deal with Yemen to display looted artefactsReframing Art Histories: Distinguished Scholars Series with Homi K. BhabhaYinka Shonibare, Gallantry and Criminal Conversation, 2002Yinka Shonibare, The Swing (after Fragonard), 2001Yinka Shonibare, Diary of a Victorian Dandy: 19.00 hours, 1998Keith Piper, An Artist’s Story, 1986Keith Piper, Go West Young Man, 1987Eddie Chambers, Destruction of the National Front, 1979–80.Lubaina Himid, My Parents, Their Children 1986Chris Ofili, No Woman, No Cry 1998Claudette Johnson, Figure in Blue, 2018Titus Kaphar. Sacrifice (Diptych), 2011. (US)Quentin Tarantino's Django Unchained is released in the UK.The Bullitts's The Harder They Fall releasedTime: The Kalief Browder Story documentary (US)Art exhibition launched in honour of Grenfell artist Khadija SayeRequiem by Chris Ofili unveiled at Tate BritainLubaina Himid, Six Tailors, 2019.bell hooks, Outlaw Culture is publishedbell hooks, Belonging: A Culture of Place is publishedKhadija Saye, Nak Bejjen, 2017.John Akomfrah, The Unfinished Conversation 2012.Rene Matić, Rene at New Wave Tattoo, 2020.Zineb Sedira, Mother Tongue (2002)Abolition. Feminism. Now.Women, Race & Class by Angela Y. DavisThe Time is Always Now: Artists Reframe the Black Figure exhibition at National Portrait GalleryLubaina Himid, Naming the Money, 2004Boyce becomes the first British-born black artist to have a solo exhibition at the Whitechapel Art Gallery.Tam Joseph, Spirit of the Carnival, 1988Ronald Moody, Annie 2, 1977Martin Luther King, The Trumpet of ConscienceKing, preached “The Drum Major Instinct”BLK Vol. 1 No. 9, August 1989. (James Baldwin cover)Spike Lee’s feature film, Malcolm X released in UK.Shifting Perspectives at Leeds Art Gallery (27 May 2022 - 30 October 2022).JAMES BALDWIN DEBATES WILLIAM F. BUCKLEY. AT CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY'S UNION HALL.Malcolm X is assassinated in NYTupac Shakur is shot/ murdered (US)Independent Lens The Black Power Mixtape 1967-1975 (Documentary).Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia, speech "“Until the philosophy which holds one race superior and another inferior is finally and permanently discredited and abandoned""Piers and Alex Clash" Over Prince Harry and Meghan’s Accusations of Racism | Good Morning BritainGeorge Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four was published.George Orwell, Animal Farm was published.The Catalonia OffensiveThe Russian Revolution of 1917Treaty of VersaillesThe attack on Pearl HarborApollo 11The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) are est.United Nations founded7/7 London BombingsA Killing in Tiger Bay airs on BBC (Doc)Schoolboy Damilola Taylor is killed in LondonChildren's author Beverley Naidoo awarded Smarties Silver Award for her book The Other Side of TruthDamilola, Our Loved Boy first aired on BBCFirst trial over the murder of Damilola Taylor beginsCrimewatch UK first airsThe Central Park jogger case (Central Park 5) (NY, USA)The Central Park 5 are exonerated (NY, USA)Pigeon English is the debut novel by English author Stephen KelmanGirl, Woman, Other by Bernardine Evaristo.Rainbow Milk by Paul MendezPoor by Caleb FemiSamuel Selvon, The Lonely LondonersThe British Nationality Act 1948 passedThe British Nationality Act 1948 comes into forceBlack Arsenal by Clive Chijioke NwonkaThe official launch of the Black British Voices Research ProjectBlack on The Square 2024, LondonThe 1875 Climbing Boys ActDon't Touch My Hair by Emma DabiriSolange - Don't Touch My Hair (Video) ft. SamphaLaura Bush: "The plight of the women and children in Afghanistan is a matter of deliberate human cruelty ..."9/11Horace Ové's, Pressure (1975).Franco Rosso, Babylon (1980)Isaac Julien, Young Soul Rebels (1991)John Akomfrah, The Stuart Hall Project (2013)The BAFC’s first film, Handsworth Songs (1986)Saul Dibb, Bullet Boy (2004)Chewing Gum, Michaela Coel first airsMenelik Shabazz, Blood Ah Goh Run (1982)Bob Marley passes awayHuman Rights Act 1998Trinidad and Tobago to remove Christopher Columbus ships from coat of armsMum and chef die after Notting Hill carnival attacksThe Festival of Britain in 1951 exhibition opensMed Hondo, Soleil Ô (1970)Sethembile Msezane, Chapungu – The Day Rhodes Fell, 2015.Romare Bearden, The Conjur Woman, 1964Betye Saar, Black Girls Window, 1969.Jennifer Packer, The Body has Memory, 2018.Lubaina Himid, Dreaming has a Share in History, 2016.Stuart Hall's essay ‘Black Diaspora Artists in Britain: Three “Moments” in Post-War History’ (2006).‘Dreaming has a Share in History’: Thinking Around Black British Art - Dr Dorothy PriceDavid Medalla's participatory artwork A Stitch in Time (1967–72),Boyce, S. and Price, D. (2021), Dearly Beloved or Unrequited? To Be ‘Black’ in Art's Histories.'Nelson's Ship in a Bottle', Yinka Shonibare CBE, 2010.
First black artist exhibited on the 4th plinth, London.Samson Kambalu, Antelope, 2022.
Exhibited on the 4th plinth, London.US: 1992 Los Angeles riotsUS: Wilmington massacre of 1898US: Rosa Parks is arrested/ Bus Boycott1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacrePeriods
UK MONARCH: MARY IUK MONARCH: JAMES I and VI of Scotland 1603–25UK MONARCH: CHARLES 1 1625 – 1649 English Civil WarUK MONARCH: OLIVER CROMWELL, Lord Protector 1653 – 1658UK MONARCH: RICHARD CROMWELL, Lord Protector 1658 – 1659UK MONARCH: CHARLES II 1660 – 1685UK MONARCH: JAMES II and VII of Scotland 1685 – 1688UK MONARCH: WILLIAM III 1689 – 1702 and MARY II 1689 – 1694UK MONARCH: ANNE 1702 – 1714UK MONARCH: GEORGE I 1714 -1727 (THE HANOVERIANS)UK MONARCH: GEORGE II 1727 – 1760 (THE HANOVERIANS)UK MONARCH: GEORGE III 1760 – 1820 (THE HANOVERIANS)UK MONARCH: GEORGE IV 1820 – 1830 (THE HANOVERIANS)UK MONARCH: WILLIAM IV 1830 – 1837 (THE HANOVERIANS)UK MONARCH: VICTORIA 1837 – 1901UK MONARCH: EDWARD VII 1901 – 1910UK MONARCH: GEORGE V 1910 – 1936UK MONARCH: GEORGE VI 1936 – 1952UK MONARCH: ELIZABETH II 1952 – 2022UK MONARCH: ELIZABETH I 1558-1603UK MONARCH: EDWARD VI 1547 – 1553The Age of EnlightenmentThe Industrial Revolution,DecolonisationCrimean War,The Seven Years' War begins (1756–1763)The American Revolutionary WarThe American Civil WarThe Napoleonic WarsFrench RevolutionWW1WW2First UK National COVID 19 LockdownSecond UK National COVID 19 Lockdown (copy)Third UK National COVID 19 LockdownThe Second Boer War (SA)Robert WalpoleSpencer Compton (Earl of Wilmington)Henry PelhamThomas Pelham-Holles (Duke of Newcastle)William Cavendish (Duke of Devonshire)Thomas Pelham-Holles (Duke of Newcastle)John Stuart (Earl of Bute)George GrenvilleCharles Watson-Wentworth (Marquess of Rockingham)William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham)Augustus FitzRoy (Duke of Grafton)Frederick North (Lord North)Charles Watson-Wentworth (Marquess of Rockingham)William Petty (Earl of Shelburne)William Cavendish-Bentinck (Duke of Portland)William Pitt the YoungerHenry AddingtonWilliam Pitt the YoungerWilliam Grenville (Lord Grenville)William Cavendish-Bentinck (Duke of Portland)Spencer PercevalRobert Jenkinson (Earl of Liverpool)George CanningFrederick John Robinson (Viscount Goderich)Arthur Wellesley (Duke of Wellington)Charles Grey (Earl Grey)William Lamb (Viscount Melbourne)Arthur Wellesley (Duke of Wellington)Robert PeelWilliam Lamb (Viscount Melbourne)Robert PeelJohn Russell (Lord John Russell)Edward Smith-Stanley (Earl of Derby)George Hamilton-Gordon (Earl of Aberdeen)Henry John Temple (Viscount Palmerston)Edward Smith-Stanley (Earl of Derby)Henry John Temple (Viscount Palmerston)John Russell (Earl Russell)Edward Smith-Stanley (Earl of Derby)Benjamin DisraeliWilliam Ewart GladstoneBenjamin Disraeli (Earl of Beaconsfield)William Ewart GladstoneRobert Gascoyne-Cecil (Marquess of Salisbury)William Ewart GladstoneRobert Gascoyne-Cecil (Marquess of Salisbury)William Ewart GladstoneArchibald Primrose (Earl of Rosebery)Robert Gascoyne-Cecil (Marquess of Salisbury)Arthur BalfourHenry Campbell-BannermanH. H. AsquithDavid Lloyd GeorgeAndrew Bonar LawStanley BaldwinRamsay MacDonaldStanley BaldwinRamsay MacDonaldStanley BaldwinNeville ChamberlainWinston ChurchillClement AttleeWinston ChurchillAnthony EdenHarold MacmillanAlec Douglas-HomeHarold WilsonEdward HeathHarold WilsonJames CallaghanMargaret ThatcherJohn MajorTony BlairGordon BrownDavid CameronTheresa MayBoris JohnsonLiz TrussRishi SunakKeir Starmer
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