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August 1, 2025
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Timeline of insular celtic
Category:
Other
Updated:
2 May 2018
Vague speculation on the chronology of Goidelic and Brythonic sound changes and the extent to which they were shared
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1121
Contributors
Created by
Ben
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Indo-European Languages
By
Ben
2 Jun 2018
0
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1450
ASOIAF
By
Ben
22 Jul 2020
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1310
Paper 1: Japanese expansion
By
Ben
23 Jan 2018
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790
Paper 3: Spanish Civil War
By
Ben
24 Jan 2018
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714
Germany in the 20th century
By
Ben
20 Feb 2018
0
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679
Development of Celtic and Italic
By
Ben
2 May 2018
0
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601
Paper 2: Stalin, Cold War; Paper 3: Stalin, Eastern Europe
By
Ben
23 Jan 2018
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490
germanic
By
Ben
4 May 2018
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486
Events
laryngeal colouring
centum shift
Dybo's rule
Development of initial stress
#HR̥C > #aRC
CR̥HT > CRaT
CR̥HV > CaRHV
CR̥HC > CRāC
Kw > Kʷ
Osthoff's law
C₁C₂ > xC₂, Cs > xs
pL > bL
pN > wN
p > ɸ
ō > ā
ew > ow
uwa > owa
gʷ > b
Dʰ > D
eRa > aRa
R̥T > RiT
R̥ > aR
N̥ > aN
Loss of laryngeals
ē > ī
ō > ū (final syllables)
sVs > ss
sTVs > Ts
sr > θr, word-medially -ðr-
m assimilation
R̥D > RaD
CHC > CaC
CRHjV > CRījV
TT > ss
CHC > CC
VH > V̄
HV > V
R̥HR > RaHR
ɸ is lost
lenition of voiced consonants
xs > ss
Fricative voicing between unstressed syllables
sandhi geminate reduction
Unstressed vowel reduction
Syncope
Consonant assimilation
Mora reduction in unstressed final vowel
Loss/assimilation of final consonant(s)
a-umlaut
u-umlaut
nasalisation
lenition of unvoiced consonants
lenition of unvoiced consonants
strengthening of consonant clusters
allophonic palatalisation
allophonic labialisation
mora shortening of absolutely final vowels
phonemic palatalisation
hiatus reduction
nK > GG
compensatory lengthening
kʷ > p
loss of final vowels
Periods
Classical Irish
Modern Irish
Middle Irish
Old Irish
Scottish Gaelic
Manx
Old Welsh
Middle Welsh
Classical Welsh
Primitive Welsh
Modern Welsh
Pictish
Old Breton
Middle Breton
Modern Breton
Old Cornish
Middle Cornish
Modern Cornish
Cumbric
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