Paper 3: Spanish Civil War
Category: Other
Updated: 24 Jan 2018
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Created byBen
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Events
Spain is defeated by the US- defeated as a result of Spain's backwardness
- Spain comes to realise its own backwardness
- monarchy suffers; people begin to look for alternative political solutionseconomic problems with unemployment after war12,000 soldiers killed in one battle; outrage in SpainPrimo de Rivera stages coup- suspends constitution, dissolves parliament (Cortes)
- creates new "apolitical" party, Unión Patriótica (UP)
- Introduces martial law
- end to war in Morocco (1927)Primo de Rivera ends war in MoroccoPrimo de Rivera resignsMunicipal elections are heldSecond Spanish Republic is declaredFormation of Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (CEDA)National assembly elections are held- dramatic transformation of political system
- seen as a contest between monarchists and republicans/socialists
- result: victory for republicans, especially in large citiesAfonso XIII goes into exileConfirmed republican majorityNiceto Alcalá-Zamora becomes presidentManuel Azaña becomes prime ministerSpanish Constitution approved- Spain is a republic
- Cortes elected by universal suffrage every four years
- president serves 6 years
- government has the right to nationalise large estates and industries
- recognition of regional autonomy; Catalonia is given its own flag, president, and parliament
- army officers and clergy may not serve as president
- separation of church and state:
- freedom of religion
- end to state support of clergy
- religious education abolished
- Jesuits are bannedFormation of Falange by José Antonio de RiveraGeneral elections held- result: CEDA gains victory (extreme right)Periods
Spanish-American WarReign of King Afonso XIIIRif War in MoroccoFirst World Warbeneficial trade conditions during warMilitary dictatorship of Primo de RiveraEconomic problems stemming from Great DepressionSecond Spanish RepublicSpanish Civil War- educational reforms, religious reforms, agrarian reforms; generally slow (Anarchists consider them too slow)
- land reform blocked by Right in Cortes
- difficulty in dealing with anarchists (CNT); later they are alienated from government
- radicals such as UGT want more radical policies (this would provoke the right)Right wing Spain- anarchist uprising in Andalusia
- villagers are massacred by armyCarlists gain more supportersPresidency of Alcalá-ZamoraAzaña as prime ministerCasas Viejas incident
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