By Right of Conquest
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Updated: 9 months ago
Rome book
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Created byWheeler Bryant
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Events
814 BC - Foundation of Carthage by Dido900 BC - Phoenician Alphabet Thrives912 BC - Neo-Assyrian Empire Begins722 BC - Israel conquered by Sargon II of Assyria734 BC - Founding of Syracuse by Corinthians1104 BC - Founding of Gades by Phoenicians1010 BC - Prophet Samual970 BC - King David Dies, Solomon takes throne925 BC - Israel Splits into Two Kingdoms, Israel and Judah887 BC - Ithobaal takes throne of Tyre884 BC - Assyria perfects seige warefare900 BC - End of Period of Phoenician Monopoly on trade in Mediterranian1250 BC - Trojan War according to Heradotus1750 BC - Marduk is chief god of Babylon, will blend into other gods later1101 BC - Utica founded by Phoenicians806 BC - Assyria enters period of stagnation1100 BC - Phoenicia begins period of monopolization of trade in Mediterranean900 BC - Prophet Elijah born859 BC - Ashurnusirpal II of Assyria makes first systematic list of plants and animals, strides made in medicine1200 BC - Late Bronze Age Collapse950 BC - Solomon hires Phoenicians to sail to "Ophir" to acquire precious metals and gems911 BC - Weak Babylon falls to Assyria936 BC - Hiram of Tyre dies2000 BC - Humans learn to boil water before drinking it969 BC - Tyre becomes most powerful Phoenician city-state under Hiram I1258 BC - Treaty of Kadesh between Egyptians and Hittites, world's first peace treaty1335 BC - Biblical Joshua856 BC - Highest point of Tyrian power and territory under Ithobaal753 BC - Mythical date of foundation of Rome by Romulus and Remus750 BC - Greek Colonization of western Mediteranian begins689 BC - Assyrian King Sennacherib sacks Babylon745 BC - Neo-Assyrian Empire enters period of revitalization - Assyrian army becomes best army thus far in history750 BC - Greek poet Hesiod born750 BC - Height of Phoenician power & influence begins680 BC - Prophet Micah668 BC - Ninevah becomes largest city in world, taking title from Thebes700 BC - Height of Ninevah as an Assyrian city700 BC - Assyria first to use saddles on horses627 BC - Library at Ninevah likely largest in world701 BC - Latest Zoroaster could have lived701 BC - Latest Homer could have lived675 BC - Babylon begins rebuild650 BC - Development of Crossbow671 BC - Assyria conquers Egypt715 BC - Numa Pompilius born in Rome653 BC - Egypt expells Assyria570 BC - Pythagorus born688 BC - Assyria invents waterproof concrete600 BC - Cyrus the Great born600 BC - Capua founded600 BC - Marseille founded612 BC - Babylon becomes largest city in the world594 BC - Solon reforms Attica597 BC - Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon sacks Judah550 BC - Carthage conquers Sicily, Sardinia, and Corsica745 BC - Prophet Amos600 BC - Zoroastrianism thrives, Ahura Mazda main god600 BC - Hanging gardens of Babylon built585 BC - Carthage becomes independent of Tyre612 BC - Assyrian Empire falls, Ninevah sacked546 BC - Persia conquers Ionia569 BC - Prophet Ezekial480 BC - Battle of Thermopylae479 BC - Confucious dies in China490 BC - Battle of Marathon550 BC - Medes fall to Persia, Cyrus II overthrows Asthyoges580 BC - Carthage begins fighting Greece for primacy in Sicily539 BC - Achaemenid Persians conquer Babylon679 BC - Emergence of the Medes650 BC - Beginning of decline for Phoenicia600 BC - Metal coinage invented in Lydia406 BC - Rome declares war on Veii600 BC - Phoenicians circumnavigate Africa509 BC - Abolishment of Roman monarchy458 BC - Cincinnatus becomes dictator in Rome430 BC - Cincinnatus dies501 BC - Crank invented in Carthage396 BC - Camillus wins war for Rome against Veii290 BC - Rome defeats Samnium in Samnite Wars400 BC - Ballista invented in Syracuse365 BC - Camillus dies500 BC - Earliest version of stirrups invented in India530 BC - Cyrus II dies in Persia, Cambyses assumes throne600 BC - Steel discovered in India724 BC - 4 year siege of Tyre begun by Assyria483 BC - Buddha dies538 BC - Jews return from captivity in Babylon390 BC - Rome sacked by Gauls under Brennus510 BC - 1st treaty between Rome and Carthage485 BC - Catapult invented508 BC - Democratic reforms in Athens by Cleisthones356 BC - Alexander the Great born395 BC - Corinth wars with Sparta430 BC - Statute of Zeus completed by Phidias367 BC - Camillus is named dictator of Rome for the 5th time347 BC - Plato dies485 BC - Gelon becomes tyrant of Syracuse348 BC - 2nd treaty between Rome and Carthage450 BC - Carthage sails to Britain485 BC - Babylon destroyed by Xerxes334 BC - Battle of Granicus241 BC - First Punic War ends371 BC - Sparta loses battle of Leuktra to Thebes, end of Spartan military dominance, beginning of oblique formations in phalanx301 BC - Zenu begins teachings on stoicism in Athens310 BC - Agathocles of Syracuse invades Africa with army in war against Carthage410 BC - Carthage sponsors trip across Sahara275 BC - Romans defeat Pyrrhus at Beneventum290 BC - Rome conquers Sabines415 BC - Herodotus' Histories published262 BC - Zenu dies181 BC - Hannibal dies335 BC - Alexander the Great destroys Thebes280 BC - Lighthouse of Alexandria built332 BC - Alexander the Great lays siege to Tyre310 BC - Carthage abolishes monarchy229 BC - First Illyrian war with Rome begins326 BC - 2nd Samnite war with Rome begins323 BC - Alexander the Great dies196 BC - Ptolemy V commissions Rosetta Stone148 BC - Rome conquers Macedonia282 BC - Colossus of Rhodes built330 BC - Persepolis sacked by Alexander the Great430 BC - Plague of Athens starts426 BC - Plague of Athens ends247 BC - Hannibal Barca born272 BC - Rome conquers Tarrantum, secures lower Italy225 BC - Colossus of Rhodes destroyed in an earthquake202 BC - Battle of Zama280 BC - Pyrrhus comes to Italy228 BC - First Ilyrian war with Rome ends216 BC - Battle of Cannae157 BC - Guis Marius born318 BC - Censor obtained power from consul over Senate in Rome150 BC - Partheon Empire controls BabylonLatest double harbors could have been built in Carthage338 BC - Philip of Macedonia dies by assassination146 BC - Rome destroys Carthage146 BC - Rome destroys Corinth138 BC - Sulla born311 BC - Hamilcar defeats Agathocles300 BC - Mago writes treatease on agriculture222 BC - M. Claudius Marcellus & Gnaeus Scipio consuls of Rome221 BC - P. Cornelius Scipio Asina & M. Municius Rufus consuls of Rome220 BC - M. Valerus Laevinus & Q. Mucius Scarvola consuls of Rome219 BC - L. Aemilius Paulus & M. Livius Salinator consuls of Rome221 BC - Hasdrubal the Fair dies by assassination, Hannibal Barca made supreme commander of Carthaginian forces in Spain at age 26218 BC - P. Cornelius Scipio & T. Sempronius Longus consuls of RomeRome takes Saguntum by coup219 BC - Hannibal lays siege to Saguntum218 BC - Start of Second Punic War219 BC - Hannibal sends wife Imilice & son to Carthage217 BC - Battle of Lake Trasamene218 BC - Battle of the TicinusBattle of the Ebro River217 BC - Servilius Geminus & C. Flaminius II are consuls of Rome216 BC - Battle of 1st Nola216 BC - Marcus Junius Pera elected dictator of Rome218 BC - Battle of the Trebia216 BC - Capua, second city in Italy, joins Hannibal213 BC - Rome lays siege to Syracuse214 BC - Battle of 3rd Nola212 BC - Battle of 1st Tarantum216 BC - Aemilius Paulus & Terentius Varo are consuls of Rome215 BC - Scipio Africanus marries Amelia PaulaHeiro II dies, Hieronymus becomes king of Syracuse216 BC - Macedonia allies with Carthage212 BC - Capture of Tarantum215 BC - Battle of Decimonama in Sardonia213 BC - Fabius Maximus & Sempronius Gracchus consuls of Rome428 BC - Plato born in Athens212 BC - Scipio brothers launch offensive in Spain219 BC - Scipio Africanus arrives in SpainFulvius Flacus III & Claudius Pulcher consuls of Rome211 BC - Siege of Capua, Hannibal marches on Rome212 BC - Battle of Herdonia212 BC - Battle of Silarus209 BC - Scipio Africanus takes New Carthage, Carthiginian forces retreat to Gades135 BC - 1st Servile War with Rome in Sicily113 BC- Cimbri & Tuetons arrive at Danube, first clashing with Rome168 BC - Battle of Pidna, Rome conquers Macedonia399 BC - Socrates Trial396 BC - Syracuse and Carthage war begins392 BC - Syracuse and Carthage war ends367 BC - Dionysius, Tyrant of Syracuse dies479 BC - Battle of Plataea234 BC - Cato the Elder born190 BC - Battle of Magnesia, Rome defeats Antiocus102 BC - Battle of Aquae Sextiae - Marius defeats Teutons and Ambrones88 BC - Roman Social War ends86 BC - Marius dies432 BC - Dionysius the Elder, Tyrant of Syracuse, born370 BC - Plato visits Dionysius the Elder, tyrant of Syracuse, is sold into slavery204 BC - Battle of Crotona208 BC - Battle of Petelia205 BC - Mago leads 15,000 men to Cisalpine Gaul209 BC - Fabius Maximus Verrucosas V & Fluvius Flaccus IV consuls of Rome202 BC - Mago recalled from Italy by Carthage, dies at sea215 BC - Battle of Dertosa, Scipio brothers defeat Hasdrubal Barca on South Bank of Ebro River213 BC - Numidians under Syphax enter alliance with Rome212 BC - Battle of 1st Capua208 BC - Claudius Marcellus V & Quintius Crispinus consuls of Rome210 BC - Claudius Marcellus V & Fulvius Flaccus IV consuls of Rome207 BC - Battle of Metaraus, Hasdrubal Barca killed211 BC - Battle of Castulo & Battle of Ilerca, Battle of the Upper Baetis, Scipio brothers betrayed and killed206 BC - Syphax marries Sophanisba206 BC - Massinissa allies with RomeScipio Africanus & Licinus Crassus Dives consuls of Rome207 BC - Claudius Nero V & Livius Salinator II consuls of Rome206 BC - Veturius Philo & Caecilius Metellus consuls of Rome204 BC - Cornelius Cathegus & Sempronius Tuditanus consuls of Rome203 BC - Servilius Caepio & Servilius Geminus consuls of Rome202 BC - Claudius Nero & Servilius Pulex consuls of Rome201 BC - Cornelius Lentulus & Aelius Paetus consuls of Rome206 BC - Battle of Ilipa, Rome expels Carthage from Spain771 BC - Romulus born717 BC - Romulus dies820 BC - Lycurgus institutes reforms in Sparta524 BC - Themistocles of Athens born459 BC - Themistocles of Athens dies638 BC - Solon of Athens born558 BC - Solon of Athens dies495 BC - Pericles born in Athens429 BC - Pericles dies of the plague in Athens402 BC - Phocion born318 BC - Phocion dies278 BC - Fabius Maximus born203 BC - Fabius Maximus dies245 BC - Agis of Sparta attempts to reform Spartan state to old idealsCleomenes dies, along with any attempt to return Sparta to old ways411 BC - Timoleon born337 BC - Timoleon dies470 BC - Nicias born413 BC - Nicias dies408 BC - Dion born354 BC - Dion dies126 BC- Sertorius born72 BC - Sertorius dies444 BC - Agesilaus born360 BC - Agesilaus dies106 BC - Pompey the Great born48 BC - Pompey the Great dies in Egypt100 BC - Julius Caesar born49 BC - Julius Caesar leads legions across Rubicon115 BC- Crassus born53 BC - Marcus Licinius Crassus killed by Parthians at battle of Carrhae78 BC - Sulla dies83 BC - Mark Antony born30 BC - Mark Antony dies283 BC - Demetrius dies106 BC - Cicero born43 BC - Cicero dies upon order of Marc Antorny154 BC - Gaius Gracchus born121 BC- Gaius Gracchus killed164 BC - Tiberius Gracchus born133 BC- Tiberius Gracchus beaten to death with table leg in Rome88 BC - Sulla marches on Rome to take politcal control by force away from Guis Marius673 BC - Numa Pompilius dies in Rome510 BC - Cimon born450 BC - Cimon dies149 BC - Cato the Elder dies95 BC - Cato the Younger born46 BC - Cato the Younger commits suicide to prevent capture and pardon by Caesar85 BC - Brutus born42 BC - Brutus dies220 BC - Second Ilyrian war with Rome begins219 BC - Second Ilyrian war with Rome ends169 BC - Third Ilyrian war with Rome begins167 BC - Third Ilyrian war with Rome ends312 BC - Via Appia completed connecting Rome to Capua (Rome's oldest road)256 BC - Battle of Cape Economus255 BC - Xanthippus trains Carthaginian army, defeats Regulus at Tunis225 BC - Boi and Insubres attack Roman holdings in Etruria218 BC - Fabius Maximus goes to Carthage to ask if Hannibal acts at Carthage's direction218 BC - Hannibal's army crosses Pyrannees into southern Gaul218 BC -Hannibal's army crosses Rhone218 BC - Publius Cornelius Scipio Sr. lands in Massilia intent upon attacking Barcid Spain218 BC - Hannibal's army crosses AlpsAneas gets impressed into the Roman military218 BC - Insubres and Boi again in open revolt of Rome217 BC - Fabius Maximus named dictator of RomeAneas meets Scipio and Lilias as survivors of CannaeAneas, Scipio, and Lilias lead survivors of Cannae to Canusium216 BC - Fabius steadies a Rome on the brinkAneas, Scipio, and Lilias burst in on abandoning Rome discussion in Canusium216 BC - Mago returns to Carthage with signet rings215 BC - Masinissa leading his Massylil against SyphaxAneas takes small command213 BC - Masinissa wooed by Hasdrubal Barca to come to Carthaginian side208 BC - Claudius Marcellus V & Quintius Crispinus consuls of Rome killed at same time in ambush208 BC - Battle of Baccula204 BC - Scipio Africanus invades Africa203 BC - Syphax defeated by Scipio Africanus and Massinissa203 BC - Massinissa marries Sophanisba, then forced to give her poison238 BC - Masinessa born in Numidia148 BC - Masinessa dies275 BC - Hamilcar Barca born228 BC - Hamilcar Barca dies237 BC - Hamilar Barca leads Carthaginian expedition to Spain480 BC - Battle of Imera, Gelon defeats the Carthaginians474 BC - Battle of Cuma, Hiero of Syracuse defeats Etruscans415 BC - Athens lays siege to Syracuse413 BC - Athens siege on Syracuse fails385 BC - Euryalus Fortress completed in Syracuse controlling access to the city550 BC - Temple of Apollo built in Syracuse470 BC - Temple of Athena built in Syracuse to honor Battle of Imera, Gelon's victory over Carthaginians413 BC - 7,000 Athenian prisoners die of hunger, thirst, or illness in Syracuse305 BC - Ptolemaic Dynasty begins in Egypt30 BC - Ptolemaic Dynasty ends in Egypt with death of Cleopathra II273 BC - Ptolemy II of Egypt wins war against the Kingdom of Kush283 BC - Ptolemy II Philadelphus succeeds his father as pharaoh of Egypt246 BC - Ptolemy III Euergetes ("the Benefactor") succeeds his father as Pharaoh/King of Egypt246 BC - Ptolemy III joins Third Syrian War212 BC - Ptolemy III financed construction projects at temples across Egypt.212 BC - Syracuse falls to Rome, Archimedes killedAneas shows the way to enter Syracuse, unable to reach Archimedes first211 BC - Battle of Castulo211 BC - Battle of Ilerca211 BC - Battle of the Upper Baetis, Scipio brothers betrayed and killed217 BC - Hannibal is trapped in Ager Falernus by Fabius MaximusAneas goes with Scipio Africanus to Spain206 BC - King Gala, Masinissa's father dies203 BC - Battle of Utica, Numidian camp burned287 BC - Archimedes born221 BC - Ptolemy III died and was succeeded by his son Ptolemy IV Philopator,215 BC - Battle of Raphia, great Egyptian victory secured the kingdom against Antiochus III the Great200 BC - Battle of Panium between Ptolemy V of Egypt and Seleucids215 BC - Ptolemy V Epiphanes died, was succeeded by his infant son Ptolemy VI Philometor.170 BC - Antiochus IV Epiphanes invades Egypt and captures Ptolemy VI PhilometorAneas commands under Scipio in Battle of Ilipa, becomes fast friends with Masinissa203 BC - Battle of Utica, Aneas sets fire to Numidian campAneas commands a wing in Battle of Zama338 BC - Battle of Chaeronea437 BC - Macedon and Athens at war422 BC - Peace of Nicias, ending Macedonian and Athenian war359 BC - Phillip II ascends the throne of Macedon336 BC - Alexander the Great ascends throne of Macedon334 BC - Alexander the Great invades Persia333 BC - Battle of Issus331 BC - Battle of Gaugamela330 BC - Darius III killed by his kinsman and lieutenant, Bessus326 BC - Battle of the Hydaspes324 BC - Opis Mutiny, Alexander the Great puts it down331 BC - Alexander the Great visits the oracle at Siwah in the Libyan Desert327 BC - Alexander the Great attempts to have his men prostrate before him in Bactra330 BC - Alexander the Great has Parmenion murdered at Ecbatana (near modern Hamadan, Iran)328 BC - Alexander the Great murders Black Cleitus in a drunken rage331 BC - Battle of Megalopolis, Antipater defeats Spartan king Agis III319 BC - Antipater dies400 BC - Antipater born in Macedon320 BC - Antipater elected regent of all of Alexander the Great's Empire355 BC - Cassander, son of Antipater and future king of Macedon born297 BC - Cassander, son of Antipater and king of Macedon dies317 BC - Cassander becomes king of Macedon290 BC - Pyrrhus goes to war with Demetrius283 BC - Pyrrhus becomes king of EpirusAneas born in SyracuseStelios killed on orders of HieronymusStelios born in Syracuse282 BC - Tarantines soundly defeat Roman fleet, embarrassment caused Rome to rely on allies for troop shipping263 BC - Carthage sends mercenaries to Sicily after Syracuse defects to Rome, Acragus made headquarters263 BC - Rome surrounds Acragus and Carthaginian troops there in Sicily, lays siege to city262 BC - Carthaginian relief force sent to break the siege of Acragus - 50,000 infantry. 6,000 horse, and 60 elephants under Hanno262 BC - Rome defeats Hanno's reinforcements in a pitched battle, the elephants trampled their own men. Route ensued, many men and elephants lost, along with baggage train.260 BC - Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio becomes admiral of Roman fleet, becomes trapped in Aeolian harbor and crews pan, most captured. Scipio ransomed. Gains nickname Asina for "she-donkey"260 BC - Rome builds a fleet of 100 quinqueremes and 20 triremes254 BC - Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Asina elected consul for second time despite his fleet debacle260 BC - Carthaginian admiral Hannibal, victor over Scipio Asina, stumbles into remainder of Roman fleet head-on and loses many ships, Hannibal manages to escape260 BC - Gaius Duilius, Asina's more competent consular colleague, assumes command over Roman forces260 BC - Battle of Mylae - was the first real naval battle between Carthage and the Roman Republic. First use of corvus by Rome with Duilius as admiral.308 BC - Hiero II of Syracuse born275 BC - Hiero II assumes throne of Syracuse264 BC - Hiero II resumes attacks on Mamertines controling Messina264 BC - Mamertines controling Messina seek aid from Rome264 BC - Hiero II joins Hanno's Carthaginians to fight stalemate battle against Mamertines and Rome under consul Appius Claudius Caudex264 BC - Hiero II withdraws to Syracuse263 BC - Hiero II enters into peace treaty with RomeStelios rescues Archimedes who got stuck in the marsh?241 BC - Archimedes builds the Syracusia361 BC - Agathocles born in Sicily317 BC - Agathocles takes Syracuse by force with mercenary army311 BC - Agathocles was defeated in the Battle of the Himera River and besieged in Syracuse310 BC - Agathocles attempts to break siege of Syracuse, lands expeditionary force at Cap Bon310 BC - Agathocles enters alliance with Allymas, King of the Lybians and in control of Numidian army, then promptly betrays Allymas and keeps Numidian army308 BC - Agathocles enters into alliance with Ophellas, ruler of Cyrenaica,in his war against the Carthaginians308 BC - Agathocles betrays Ophellas, ruler of Cyrenaica, killing him and keeping his army307 BC - Agathocles utterly defeated in Africa by Carthage, returns to Syracuse306 BC - Agathocles enters into a peace treaty with Carthage304 BC - Agathocles styles himself as King of Sicily289 BC - Agathocles of Syracuse dies236 BC - Lucius Cornelius Scipio Africanus born183 BC - Lucius Cornelius Scipio Africanus dies194 BC - Lucius Cornelius Scipio Africanus consul of Rome213 BC - Scipio Africanus runs for aedilis curulisAneas is taken in by Archimedes, meets XanthipusXanthipus trains Aneas231 BC - Rome sends emmisaries to Spain to see what Hamilcar was up to226 BC - Rome sends emmisaries to Spain to again see what Barcids up to, meet Hasdrubal the Handsome220 BC - Rome sends emmisaries to Spain to again see what Barcids up to, meet Hannibal228 BC - Final Indemnity Payment made by Carthage to Rome in settlement of 1st Punic War238 BC - Rome moves to occupy Sardinia and Corsica226 BC - Hasdrubal the Fair builds New Carthage226 BC - Don't Cross Ebro Line Treaty between the Barcids and Rome322 BC - Corinthian League, under leadership of Athens, attempted to shake off Macedonian control, but failed.310 BC - Cassander had Alexander the Great’s son, Alexander IV, and his widow, Roxanne, murdered, bringing to a brutal end the royal dynasty which had ruled Macedonia for so many centuries.290 BC - Aetolian League was the first to form by Greek city states to help defend themselves against the marauding armies of the Successors.280 BC - The Achaean League, similarly, had existed for centuries as a loose religious association before it reformed itself in 280 on the same lines as the Aetolian League.279 BC - Large horde of Gauls invaded Macedonia and Greece and rampaged through both countries.279 BC - Macedon eventually rescued by Antigonus Gonatus (son of Demitrius), who, coming up from his base in Greece, defeated the Gauls272 BC - Pyrrhus was killed in a confused melee in Argos278 BC - Antigonus founded the Antigonid dynasty which would rule Macedonia until its conquest by the Romans.280 BC - Corinth joins the Achaean League, fighting off Macedonian culture239 BC - Demetrius II ascends throne of Macedon, son of Antigonus Gonatus, grandson of Demetrius I239 BC - Demetrius II defeated an alliance of the Greek Leagues soon after his accession, and conducted an aggressive policy of expansion in those parts of Greece not under the control of the Leagues.229 BC - Demetrius II was killed fighting against the Dardanians, a people from the north who had invaded his kingdom235 BC - Cleomenes III of Sparta assumes throne, continues military reforms222 BC - Battle of Sellasia - Spartan army beaten by Macedon. This greatly strengthened Macedonian influence throughout Greece.222 BC - Cleomenes III of Sparta dies220 BC - Battle of the TagusMago does well at Battle of the Tagus. ~20 yrs old112 BC- Jugurtha Lays Seige to and Sacks Cirta, kills Adherbal and Romans within Cirta118 BC- Micipsa, son of Masinissa, Dies155 BC - Metellus Numidicus born91 BC - Metellus Numidicus dies109 BC- Metellus Numidicus elected consul and takes command African forces107 BC - Guis Marius displaces Metellus Numidicus as consul/general of African forces126 BC- Metellus Numidicus elected quaestor121 BC- Metellus Numidicus elected tribune of the plebs114 BC- Metellus Numidicus govenor of Sicily115 BC- Metellus Numidicus elected praetor118 BC- Rule of Numidia split between rule of Jugurtha, Adherbal, and Hiempsal241 BC - Sicily becomes 1st Roman Province121 BC- Lucius Opimius consul111 BC - Jugurtha goes to Rome under vote of safe conduct to give evidence against officials accused of taking bribes260 BC - Rome is master of all of Italy109 BC - Metellus Numidicus wins a few battles against Jugurtha but none decisive105 BC - Marius sends his quaestor, Sulla, to Mauretania to weaken Jugurtha105 BC - Sulla convinces Bocchus I of Mauretania to betray Jugurtha, bringing war to end104 BC - Jugurtha paraded through Triumph and thrown in Tullianum, dies by starvation or strangling87 BC - Marcus Antonius dies - Killed by orders of Marius143 BC - Marcus Antonius born102 BC - Marcus Antonius elected praetor with proconsular powers for the Roman province of Cilicia.97 BC - Marcus Antonius elected censor100 BC - Marcus Antonius enjoys triumph for defeating Cilician pirates.104 BC - Cimbri & Teutons head for Italy again104 BC - Marius reforms defeated Roman armies in southern Gaul, Sulla serves as legate103 BC - Sulla was elected military tribune and served under Marius103 BC - Sulla believes Marius stalling his career on purpose, requests and receives transfer to Catulus' consular army111 BC- Jugurtha offers negotiations with consul Lucius Calpurnius Bestia, Bestia agrees to highly favorable terms for Jugurtha, accused of being bribed118 BC- Jugurtha quarrels with and kills Hiempsal, leads to open war with Adherbal117 BC- Jugurtha defeats Adherbal in open battle, Adherbal flees to Rome asking for help121 BC- Lucius Opimius as consul ordered the execution of 3,000 supporters of popular leader Gaius Gracchus without trial106 BC - Battle of Cirta108 BC- Battle of the Muthal151 BC - Carthage declares war on Numidia (Massinissa is 92)148 BC - Masinessa asks Rome to divide Numidia between three sons, Micipsa, Gulussa, and Mastanabal111 BC- Rome sends troops to Numidia110 BC- Consul Spurius Postumus Albinus invaded Numidia for the second time102 BC - Cimbri advance to Alps and defeat Catulus with Sulla101 BC - Marius elected as consul again101 BC- Battle of Vercellae or Battle of the Raudine Plain - Marius defeats Cimbric king Biorix ending Germanic threat to Rome109 BC- Cimbri & Tuetons move westward toward Gaul and down Rhodanus river109 BC- Lucius Cassius Longinus, consul sent to Gaul at the head of another large army, fought the Cimbri and their Gallic allies107 BC - Battle of Burdigala, Roman consul Longinus and his army were ambushed by Cimbri & Teutons in Gaul106 BC - Romans send 8 legions, their largest army yet, under senior consul Quintus Servilius Caepio to end the Germanic threat105 BC- Battle of Arausio - Disaster for Rome - Caepio and Maximus consular army destroyed by Cimbri94 BC - Sulla repulsed the forces of Tigranes the Great of Armenia from Cappadocia92 BC - Sulla returns to Rome91 BC - Pro-Italian plebeian tribune Marcus Livius Drusus was assassinated95 BC - Sulla was the first Roman magistrate to meet a Parthian ambassador88 BC - Sulla blocks Sertorius' attempt at the plebeian tribunate87 BC - Sertorius joins with Cinna and Marius in the civil war85 BC - Sertorius elected praetor97 BC - Sertorius elected military tribune82 BC - Sertorius is proscribed by Sulla101 BC - Battle of Vercellae or Battle of the Raudine Plain - Marius defeats A Celto-Germanic confederation under the command of the Cimbric king Boiorix101 BC- The Cimbri wiped out, Marius claims 100,000 warriors killed and capturing and enslaving many101 BC - Gaius Julius Caesar (father of the famous Julius Caesar), brings news of the decisive victory at Vercellae to Rome101 BC - Marius grants Roman citizenship to his Italian allied forces without consulting or asking permission from the Senate275 BC - Demetrius II born as oly child of King Antigonus74 BC - King Nicomedes IV of Bithynia dies bequeathing his kingdom to Rome63 BC - Mithridates VI dies, annexation of Pontus and Syria by the Roman Republic88 BC - Battle of Chaeronea in central Boeatia, Sulla defeats Mithridates' general Archelaus88 BC - Mithridates VI enacted the Asiatic Vespers which saw the systematic killing of 80,000 Roman and Latin-speaking people in eastern provinces to remove any Roman influences from his conquered lands87 BC - Sulla lands in Epirus, before marching on Athens which was the leader of the revolt in Greece88 BC - Manius Aquillius was executed by Mithridates by having molten gold poured down his throat86 BC - Marius returns from Africa with army and enters Rome119 BC - Guis Marius elected tribune of the plebs115 BC - Guis Marius elected praetor114 BC - Guis Marius sent to govern the province of “Further Spain” (Hispania Ulterior)112 BC- Battle of Noreia - Cimbri & Tuetons crush Roman army under Carbo98 BC - Marius left Rome for Asia where he spent some time at the court of Mithridates VI, King of Pontus and Armenia Minor.90 BC - The socii defeated Roman armies in both the north and the south90 BC - Consul prior, Lucius Julius Caesar, proposed a new law to try and solve the growing social war crisis. The law granted Roman citizenship to the Italians who had not taken up arms against Rome88 BC - Sulla begins inflicting defeats on remaining Italians after concession of grant of citizenship104 BC - Marian Reforms typically cited here495 BC- Succession of the Plebs in RomeBattle of Adrianople44 BC - Julius Caesar assassinated in Theatre of Pompey60 BC - Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey form the First Triumvirate493 BC - Theodoric kills Odacar at Banquent in Ravenna493 BC - Theodoric besieges Odoacer in Ravenna until he signs a treaty was signed making the kings joint rulers of Italy.64 AD - Fire Destroys Rome - Nero blames Christians and begins their persecution67 AD - Nero Orders Executions of Peter and Paul80 AD - Coleseum is dedicated by Titus55 AD - Peter travels to Rome. Primacy over church establishes Papcy30 AD - Jesus is crucified250 AD - Romans introduce ox-drawn plow to farms in Europe455 BC - Vandals sack Rome410 BC - Visagoths sack Rome476 BC - Western Roman Empire Falls407 AD - Romans abandon British Isles430 AD - Vandals invade and conquer Roman territories in North Africa313 AD - Constantine issues Edict of Milan, granting legal rights to Christians and restoring their confiscated property325 AD - Constantine convenes First Council at Nicaea. Council condemns Arianism and composes Nicene Creed as fundamental statement of Christian doctrine49 BC - Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar overwhelms Pompey the Great and republican army31 BC - Battle of Actium - Octavian's forces under Agrippa defeat the combined forces of Marc Antony and Cleopatra53 BC - Battle of Carrhae - Parthia smashes Roman legions under Crassus53 BC - Battle of Alesia - Caesar defeats Vercingetorix and confederation of Gallic tribes134 BC - Jugurtha first visits RomePeriods
The Aetolians fought against the Macedonians (220-217 BCE),152 BC - Scipio Aemilianus serves in Numantine War in SpainJurgurthan war with RomeTerm of Sulla's governorship of Cilicia82-73 BC - Sertorius pro-consul of Hispania104-102 BC - Sertorius serves under Marius spying on the Germanic tribes that defeated Caepio disguised as a Gaul104-101 BC - Marius serves continuous consulships due to Germanic threat221-179 BC - Reign of Phillip V of Macedon239-229 BC - Reign of Demtrius II of Macedon264 - 241 BC - First Punic War3rd war between Samnium and Rome begins343-341 BC - 1st Samnite war with Rome431 BC - Peloponnesian War91-88 BC - Roman Social War89-85 BC - 1st Mithridatic War with Rome87-86 BC - Sulla beseiges Athens83-81 BC - 2nd Mithridatic War with Rome74-63 BC - 3rd Mithridatic War with Rome82-79 BC - Sulla is dictator of Rome180 - 170 BC - Latifundia farms spring up - Public land is sold/treated as being owned. by wealthy members of Senate, create large farms worked by slaves27 BC - 14 AD - Reign of Augustus14 - 37 AD - Reign of Tiberius37 - 41 AD - Reign of Caligula41 - 54 AD - Reign of Claudius54 - 68 AD - Reign of Nero68 - 69 AD - Year of the Four Emperors69 - 79 AD - Reign of Vespasian79 -81 AD - Reign of Titus69 - 96 AD - Flavian Dynasty81 -96 AD - Reign of Domitian27 BC - 68 AD - Julio-Claudian Dynasty96 - 192 AD - Nerva-Antonine Dynasty96 - 98 AD - Reign of Nerva98 - 117 AD - Reign of Trajan117 - 138 AD - Reign of Hadrian138 - 161 AD - Reign of Antoinus Pius161 - 180 AD - Reign of Marcus Aurelius180 - 192 AD - Reign of Commodus193 AD - Year of the Five Emperors193 - 211 AD - Reign of Septimius Severus211 - 217 AD - Reign of Caracalla211 - 211 AD - Reign of Geta217 - 218 AD - Reign of Macrinus218 AD - Reign of Diadumenian218 - 222 AD - Reign of Elagabulus222 - 235 AD - Reign of Severus Alexander235 - 238 AD - Reign of Maximinus "Thrax" the Wrestler238 AD - Reign of Gordian238 AD - Reign of Gordian II244-249 AD - Reign of Philip I "the Arab"247-249 AD - Reign of Philip II249-251 AD - Reign of Decius253-260 AD - Reign of Valerian253-268 AD - Reign of Galienus270-275 AD - Reign of Aurelian276-282 AD - Reign of Probus284-305 AD - Reign of Diocletian286-305 AD - Reign of Maximian306-337 AD - Reign of Constantine I "the Great"337 - 340 AD - Reign of Constantine II361 - 363 AD - Reign of Julian "the Apostate"457 - 461 AD - Reign of Majorian379 - 395 AD - Reign of Theodosius I
"the Great"379 - 457 AD - Theodosian Dynasty364 - 392 AD - Valentinianic Dynasty306 - 363 AD - Constantinian Dynasty337 - 350 AD - Reign of Constans I337 - 361 AD - Reign of Constantius II305 - 311 AD - Reign of Galerius305 - 306 AD - Reign of Constantius I306 - 307 AD - Reign of Severus II306 - 312 AD - Reign of Maxentius308 - 324 AD - Reign of Licinius363 - 364 AD - Reign of Jovian363 - 364 AD - Reign of Valentinian I "the Great"364 - 378 AD - Reign of Valens375 - 383 AD - Reign of Gratian383 - 388 AD - Reign of Magnus Maximus395 - 408 AD - Reign of Arcadius395 - 423 AD - Reign of Honorius408 - 450 AD - Reign of Theodosius II450 - 457 AD - Reign of Marcian450 - 457 AD - Reign of Valentinian III455 AD - Reign of Petronius Maximus455 - 456 AD - Reign of Avitus461 - 465 AD - Reign of Libius Severus467 - 472 AD - Reign of Anthemius472 AD - Reign of Olybrius527 - 565 AD - Reign of Justinian I "the Great"518- 527 AD - Reign of Justin I491 - 518 AD - Reign of Anastasius I "Dicorus"475–526 AD - Theodoric the Great is King of the Ostrogoths493–526 AD - Theodoric rules over an independent Ostrogothic kingdom in Italy47 - 49 AD - Paul Journey's to Asia Minor and Cyprus - writes earliest epistles66 - 73 AD - Jews mount unsuccessful revolt against Roman rule249 - 251 AD - Christians persecuted throughout Roman Empire by Decius475-476 AD - Reign of Romulus Augustus441-450 AD - Attila the Hun invades Roman Empire134-133 BC - Jugurtha serves alongside Scipio Aemilianus and Marius in Siege of Numantia in Spain118-117 BC - Jugurtha visits Rome for second time Micipsa’s Death
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