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April 1, 2024
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Middle East from 1500- Present
Created by
McKenna Walford
⟶ Updated 14 Dec 2017 ⟶
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Events
Muhammad emigrates from Mecca, marking the beginning of the Muslim calendar
Muhammad ibn Abdullah, the Prophet of Islam, is born
Promulgation of the new Ottoman land code
Mutasarrifiyyah is established and Mount Lebanon is given autonomous administrative status
The Suez Canal is completed
Ism'ail establishes Egyptian consultative chamber of delegates
Shah of Iran awards the Reuter concession
Isma'il sells 44% interest in the Suez Canal Company to Britain
Ottoman government defaults on its loan payments; Isma'il creates the Caisse de la Detter Publique
COngress of Berlin awards Ottoman territory to European powers; Abdul Hamid II suspends the constitution
Muhammad Ahmad proclaimis himself the Mahdi and mounts a rebellion in Sudan
The French begin occupation of Tunisia
Committee of Union and Progress is formed as a secret protest society
The Shah grants an English company rights to Iran's tobacco business
Tobacco protest by Iranian clergy
Anglo-Egyptain army recaptures Sudan
Kuwair comues under the British rule; Muhammad Abduh appointed mufti of Egypt
William D'Arcy awarded oil concession in IRan
Aswan Dam is completed
Anglo-French Entente Cordial ends rivalry over Egypt
The Dinshaway inceident in Egypt
Britain and Russia divide Iran into their spheres of influence
Oil is discovered in Iran; CUP demands Ottoman constitution to be restored
Sultain Abdul Hamid II dies
Ottoman forces are driven out of Europe during First Balkan War
Ottoman EMpire enters First World War; Sultan-Caliph calls for jihad against the Triple Entente
The Gallipoli campaign; Husayn-McMahon correspondence begins; forced death march of Armenians
The Arab revolt begins; the Sykes-Picot agreement is signed between Britain and France
Britain captures Jerusalem and Baghdad and issues Balfour Declaration
Arab forces capture Damascus; Ottomans sign Armistice of Mudros
Ottomans sign Treaty of Sevres; Faysal proclaimed king of Syria
Theodor Herzel writes "the Jewish State"
The First Zionis Congress convenes in Basel
Britain declares protectorate over Egypt
Britain issues Balfour declaration; the British capture Jerusalem
US President Woodrow WIlson procalims Fourteen Points
Treaty of Sevres signed ; Turksih grand national assemble forms new government with Mustafa Kemal Ataturk as president; uprisings against British occupation of Iraq; Fracne creates greater lebanon
Faysal confirmed as King of Iraq' Turkish forces turn back greek invasion at battle of Sakarya; TransJordan is created
Britain imposes its version of independence on Egypt; Hajj Amin al-Husayni is made president of Palestines Supreme Muslim Council
The Treaty of Lausanna is signed; Turkish capital is transferred from Istanbul to Ankara
A constitution marking the creation of Lebanese republic is approved
Muslim Brotherhood is founded; constitution is proclaimed in Transjordan
Western Wall riots in Palestine
Britain issues Passfield White Paper; the Anglo-Iraqi treaty is signed
British Prime Minister MacDonald revolves key elements of the Passfield White Paper
Iraq admitted to the league of nations; kingdom of Saudi Arabia recieveds international recognition
Peel Commission recommends the partition of Palestin; European states sign the Montreux Convention abolishing the Capitulations in Egypt
Ataturk dies and is succeeded by Ismet Inonu
Britain issues new Palestine White Paper, France cedes Alexandretta to Turkey
British and Soviet forces invade Iran; Reza Shah abdicates in favor of his son
February Fourth incident in Egypt
The Arab League is formed
Transjordan granted independence and Amir Abdallah made King; French troops withdraw from Syria and Lebanon
Britain asks UN to take over the Palestine mandate; the UN speacial committee recommends partition; intercommunial war between Arab and Jewish communities breaks out
State of Israel is proclaimed; Arab armies invade; over 700,000 Palestinian Arabs are expelled or flee the fighting
British and soveit forces incade Iran
Iran's provincial government of Azerbajan declares autonomy
Societ forces agree to winthdraw from Iranian territory
Turkeys democratic party is elected; Israel's Law of Return is enacted
Turkey becomes full NATO member; Egypt's free officers stage a coup
Egyptian Nationalizes the Suez Canal; Britain, France, and ISrael invade Egypt
Syria and Egypt establishes the United Arab Republic
Military overthrows Turkish Prime Minister Menderes; Cyrpus gains independence
The revised constitution of the Turksih Republic is approved
Military coup in Yemen; Egypt intervenes in Yemen's civil war
Shah announces the White revolution; military coup in Iraq brings the Arif brothers to power
Turkeys justice party wins elections
The PLO is founded in Cairo
Israel defeats Egypts, Syria, and Jordan in the June War, taking Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, and Golan Heights
Military overthrows Turkish prime minister
Turkeys republican peoples party returns to power
A Greek military coup overthrows the cyrpus president
Third military coup in Turkey
The First Intifada
The PLO endorses resolution 242
Nasser launches the "war of attrition" against Israel
The Military overthrows Turkish prime minister Demirel
Turkey's republican peoples party returns to power
The Iran- IRaq war
Anwar Sadat is assassinated; Husni Mubarak becomes president of Egypt
Menachen begin resigns
Israel invades Lebanon in Operation "peace for galilee", PLO moves to Tunis
Iran and IRaq accept a UN-sponsered ceasefire
Iraq invades Kuwait
A US-led coalition forces the Iraqi withdrawal from Kuwait
Kurdistan Workers Party begins insurrection against the Turkish state
Hama emerges as an offshoot of Gaza branch of Muslim Brotherhood; the PLO accepts negotioations with Israel on the basis of the UN resolutions 242 and 338
Palestinians launch intifada against Israeli occupation
The republic of yemen formed' Iraq invades kuwait; the US deploys troops in Saudi Arabia in Operation Desert Shield
Operation Desert Storm forces Iraqi withdrawal from kuwait; UN resolution 687 calls for destruction of iraq chemical and biologicalweapons; madrid peace conference
Turkeys first female prime minister heads the rightist true path party; Oslo accord interim agreement between PLO and Israel
Oslo II agreement sets out stages of Israeli military redeployment in West Bank; Israeli prime minister is assassinated; Turkeys Islamist welfare party wins popular vote in elections.
The United States invades Iraq; world powers issue road map fro Israel-Palestinian negotiations; a UN security council resolution recgonzies the United States and Britain as occupying powers in Iraq
President Bush announces a "surge" in Iraq; Hama seizes power in Gaza
Barack Obama delivers cairo speech; Israeli voters reelect Netanyahu as Prime Minister
The United States demands al-Asad's resignation; mUhammad Morsi is elected president of Egypt; UN recognizes a Palestinian state
ISIS is founded
King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia dies and is succeeses by King Salman
Muhammad returns to Mecca
Muhammad dies
Arab conquest of Damascus
Ali chosen to succeed Uthman, the murdered caliph
Mu'awiyah challenges Ali for leadership at the battle of Siffin
Ali murdered; Nu'awiyah found the Ummayad caliphate in Damscus
Arab commander Uqba ibn Nafi leads Arab forces to the Atlantic Ocean; Ali's son, Husayn, rebels against Ummayad rule and is killed at Karbala.
Expansion of Arab forces in Europe halted at Battle of Poitiers.
Abbasid Empire is established with its capital in Baghdad
Occultation of the twelfth Iman, Muhammad al-Mahdi
Turksih Seljuks assume authority in Baghdad
Mamluks defeat the Mongols and establish rule over Egypt and Syria.
Hulagu's Mongol campaign topples Abbasid Empire
Ottomans capture Byzantine city of Bursa and make it the capital.
Sultan Mehmet II leads Otooman conquest of Constantinople
Usna'il proclaims himself Safavid Shah, and declares Shi'ism as the official religion
Shah Isma'il occupies Baghdad
Ottomans defeat Safavids at Battle of Chaldiran
Ottomans drive Mamluks out of Syria and Egypt
Suleyman the Magnificent lays siege to Vienna
First Capitulation agreement negotiated with France
The Treaty of Karlowitz is signed, ceding Ottoman territory to the Hapsburgs
Qajar dynasty established
Fall of the Safavid Dynasty
First Ottoman diplomatic mission to Europe
Sultan Selim III reign begins
Nizam-i jedid, a new Ottoman army, is formed.
The French defeat Mamluk forces at the Battle of the Pyramids; the British defeat athe French at the Battle of Aboukir Bay
Muhammad ibn Sa'ud's warriors capture Mecca
Muhammad Ali becomes Ottoman governor of Egypt
Janissaries depose Sultan Selim III
Muhammad Ali massacres Mamluks in Cairo citadel
Muhammad Ali's son, Ibriham, captures Mecca and Medina from Wahhabis,
Greek war for Independence
Sultan Mahmud II massacres Janissaries
Europeans destroy Ottoman-Egyptian fleet at Navarino Bay
The French conquer Algiers
Egypt invades Syria
Treary of Balta Liman is signed between Britain and the Ottoman government
Tanzimat reforms begin; the Hatt-i Sharif of Gulhane decree pledges extensive administrative and fiscal reforms
The Treaty of London compels Muhammad Ali to withdraw from Syria but secures his family's rule in Egypt
The Ottoman Ministry of Education is created
THe first rail link between Cairo and Alexandria completed
The Hatt'i Humayan decree issues, guaranteeing equality of all Ottoman subjects
Periods
Sultan Mahmud II
Ibrahim rules Syria
Reign of Nasir al-Din Shah in Iran
The Crimean War
Reign of Ism'ail the Magnificent in Egypt
The Great Eastern Crisis
Raign of Sultan Hamid II
Urabi revolt in Egypt
THe British occupation in Egypt
The Iranian constitution revolution
Egyptians demonstrate against the British occupation, forcing Britain to allow a delegation to attend the Paris Peace Conference
Turkish war for independence