4 сент 1957 г. - Little Rock Nine
Описание:
On 22 May 1954, soon after the Brown ruling, the Little Rock School Board stated that they would comply with the Supreme Court ruling.
The NAACP sued for immediate integration, but the federal court ruled that the Blossom Plan, a gradualist plan proposed by Superintendent Virgil Blossom that allowed the superintendent to choose the African American students who would be integrated into previously white-only schools, met Constitutional requirements and this decision was upheld by the US Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals.
Of the 75-80 applications, the school board had identified nine black students to attend for the 1957-58 school year.
Segregationists, including the anti-integration Capital Citizens' Council (CCC) and the Mothers' League of Central High Students (MLCHS), requested that Governor Orval Faubus prevent implementation of the first steps of integration at Central High, citing potential violence.
Governor Faubus took action and ordered the Arkansas National Guard to Central High School to prevent violence, not by ensuring the entry to African American students to the school, but instead by surrounding the school to prevent their entry.
Despite the Governor's actions, the nine African American students attempted to Central High School on 4 September 1957.
They were met by an angry crowd of white Americans, including both students and adults, who saw the Arkansas National Guard prohibit their entry.
A vivid scene was captured by news photographers as Elizabeth Eckford arrived separately by mistake and, after being turned away, was hounded off the campus by the yelling crowd.
As tension mounted in Little Rock, there were discussions with the Eisenhower administration as attempts were made to reach an agreement.
On 20 September, Judge Davies ordered an immediate halt to Arkansas National Guard activities blocking the enrollment of African American students.
Faubus remove the troops and, on the morning of 23 September, the nine African American students entered Central High School through a side door.
An angry crowd of more than 1,000 white Americans gathered and soon the police removed the students from the school.
Federal assistance was requested by Mayor Woodrow Mann via a telegram which read "The immediate need for federal troops is urgent. The mob is much larger ... mob is armed and engaged in fisticuffs and other acts of violence. Situation is out of control".
Despite appeals from the governor and other state and local officials, Eisenhower ordered 1,200 troops from the 101st Airborne Division to go immediately to Little Rock.
On 25 September, the Little Rock Nine were escorted into Central High School by US Army soldiers.
Eisenhower also federalized the National Guard, removing the troops from the governor's control.
Добавлено на ленту времени:
U.S. Civil Rights Movement
Дата:
