Final Exam Timeline

Newfoundland: The British Colony (1729) 1729 - Over time, the number of British newcomers in Newfoundland began to grow. The king, George II, granted the captains permission to build fishing villages on the coast. As the villages grew, Britain could no longer ignore the island. In 1729, the king appointed a governor. Newfoundland was evolving from a fishing station into a colony.

The Treaty Of Utrecht (1713) Britain and France fought many wars against each other in Europe. Sometimes, these conflicts affected their colonies in North America. In 1713, the two imperial powers signed the Treaty of Utrecht to create peace in Europe. The agreement allowed the French to keep control of the Fortress of Louisbourg on Île Royale (present-day Cape Breton), while the French colony of Acadia was given to the British. The British renamed the colony Nova Scotia. Otherwise, they let the habitants

Creation of Halifax (1749) 1749 - Eventually, Britain became more concerned about the strong French presence in Nova Scotia and at the Fortress of Louisbourg. So, in 1749 Britain decided to show its sovereignty over Nova Scotia. This means it would tighten its control over the former French colony. The British planned to build a town and a fort in Nova Scotia at a place the Mi’kmaq [MIG-mah] called Chebucto, meaning “the biggest harbour.” It was to become a base for British troops and naval ships. Sixteen

Creation of HBC (1670) 1670 - King Charles II of England granted a monopoly to the Hudson’s Bay Company. The monopoly covered all the lands drained by the rivers that flowed into Hudson Bay. It was a vast territory consisting of most of what is now Western and Northern Canada. The British called the area Rupert’s Land, after Prince Rupert, the first head of the company. The Hudson’s Bay Company was not interested in building a colony. They were merchants, interested only in trade. They built trading posts

York Factory Captured (1697) The French victory was not complete, though. The British remained in control of York Factory at the mouth of the Nelson River. The most famous soldier in New France, Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville, led French troops in several attempts to capture York Factory. In 1697, he finally succeeded in a daring naval battle on the waters of the bay.

Time To Give Everything Back (1713) The French victories in Rupert’s Land did not last. The Treaty of Utrecht brought peace between Britain and France both in North America and in Europe. It returned the Hudson Bay lands, Acadia, and Newfoundland to the British in 1713.

Filles du Roi (1665 - 1673) Aside from nuns, few French women were interested in living in New France. It was far from home, and life there was very harsh. But the colony needed women to marry the male colonists and raise families. Without them, New France would fail to grow and prosper. The king had a solution. Between 1665 and 1673, he sent about 900 single young women and girls to New France to become wives

John Cabot (1497 - 1498) 1497 - John Cabot was given a commission by King Henry VII of England to explore the New World and he arrived at Newfoundland, which is now a part of Canada, in June of 1497. When he returned to England, he reported seeing fish so plentiful they could be caught just by lowering a basket into the water. Soon hundreds of ships were fishing* in the waters off the coast of this “New Found Land.” 1498 - After the success of his first journey to North America in 1497, his returned

Jacques Cartier (1534 - 1542) 1534 - Cartier set out across the Atlantic to find a route to Asia. He came across a group of Mi’kmaq the Gulf of St. Lawrence. He also went to Gaspe where he encountered the Haud. 1535 - Cartier returned to North America with Donnacona’s sons. Cartier and his crew decided to stay the winter, however, many of the crew died from scurvy, but the Haudenosaunee had a cure for scurvy. Without their help, Cartier and his men would've died. 1536 - Cartier forcibly took Donnacon

Samuel de Champlain (1567 - 1635) (1567 - 1635) - Along with the founding of Acadia and Port Royal, Samuel de Champlain worked to build the colony at Québec and to develop the fur trade. He lived in Québec for 27 years. During that time, he returned to France eight times to persuade the king to send more French colonists and to provide greater support for the settlement.

Pierre de Monts (1604 - 1608) 1604 - A French noble named Pierre de Monts received a monopoly. He sailed to North America to set up a colony. He took a map-maker and explorer named Samuel de Champlain with him. 1605 - de Monts established a settlement at Port Royal on the Bay of Fundy. The French called the area Acadia. 1608 - Port Royal was a long way from the fur trade, so de Monts and Champlain decided to move to the St. Lawrence The French colonists called their settlement Québec. The name means

Jesuits (1625 - 1759) 1625 - Jesuits were members of a religious community called the Society of Jesus. The Jesuits first came to New France as missionaries to both convert native peoples such as the Huron to Christianity and also to instill European values within them. Though they thought they were doing the right thing, they assimilated FN culture and tore apart nations like the Huron.

Sovereign Council (1663 - 1760) 1663 - King Louis XIV took control of the colony from the merchants. He set up a Sovereign Council to govern the colony. This council was made up of appointed councillors and three key officials.

Seigneurial System (1627 - 1854) 1627 - In this system, the king gave large tracts of land along the St. Lawrence River to the nobles, called seigneurs. In return, each seigneur had to find colonists to settle the land. These colonists, known as habitants, rented strips of land from the seigneur and set up farms. The river was used for travel and irrigation. Both seigneurs and habitants had duties to each other that were protected by law. For example, each habitant had to give the seigneur a portion of

13 Colonies (1607 - 1776) 1607 - King James I of England knew it would cost a great deal of money to set up the colonies. However, he did not want to risk losing the government’s money. Instead, in 1607 he began granting permission to private groups who were interested in setting up colonies along the eastern coast of North America. Eventually, colonists from Britain established 13 separate colonies along the eastern coast of the present-day United States

Attack on HBC (1686 - 1713) Meanwhile, the French fur traders decided they could not stand by while the English grabbed up all the furs in Rupert’s Land. In 1686, a French soldier named Pierre de Troyes led a bold attack on the British forts along the bay. The French surprised the British by travelling from the interior by canoe, instead of arriving in the bay by ship. De Troyes and his troops easily captured Rupert House, Moose Factory, and Albany Factory on James Bay. The British were caught off-guard. T

The Great Peace of Montreal (1701 - 1760) Three nations banded together to fight the Haudenosaunee. The Council of Three Fires had many successes. Their efforts made the Haudenosaunee more and more weary of war. After six decades, the First Nations and New France were ready to discuss peace. In the summer of 1701, 1300 delegates from 40 First Nations communities arrived in Montréal. All parties showed the quality of good citizenship by working hard to find a way to end the fighting. At the end of the peac

Creation of the North West Company (1779 - 1821) 1779 - A group of the new traders from Montréal formed the North West Company. Known as the Nor’Westers, they extended the fur trade farther than it had been in the days of New France. Now the goal of the company was to make money rather than to build a colony. These traders ran an efficient business while embracing the traditional methods of the French fur traders. They worked hard to improve ties made by the French with the First Nations peoples.

Final Exam Timeline

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