Events
Robert Boyle publishes
"Boyle's Law," which
states that the volume
of a gas is inversely
proportional to its pressure.
Boyle was deeply religious,
and promoted Christianity.Henry Cavendish experimented
with metals and acids to
produce "inflammable air,"
or hydrogen, and "fixed air,"
or carbon dioxide.Humphry Davy isolates
a variety of elements
including sodium and
potassium. He is also
known for his pioneering
work in the field of
electrochemistry.
Davy was popular among
a female following.John Dalton is best known
for his proposition of
modern atomic theory,
his law of partial pressures,
and his research in colorblindness.Amedeo Avogadro determines
that under the same conditions
of temperature and
pressure, equal volumes
of equal gasses contain
equal number of molecules.
The number of molecules
in one gram of a substance
is defined by the number
6.0221409×10^23,
called Avogadro's number.
Avogadro graduated college
at age 16.Robert Bunsen investigates
the light spectrum emitted
by heated elements.
Bunsen went blind in
his right eye due to a
cacodyl explosion.Henri Becquerel wins
the Nobel Prize in
Physics for discovering
radioactivity while working
with X-rays. There are
craters on the Moon and
Mars named after Becquerel.Niels Bohr wins the
Nobel Prize in physics
for his model of the atom.
"An expert is a person
who has made all the
mistakes that can be
made in a very narrow field."
-Niels BohrOtto Hahn wins the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry
for discovering nuclear
fission. Hahn is considered
the father of nuclear chemistry.Marie and Pierre Curie
win the Nobel Prize in
Physics for their discovery
of radium and polonium.
Marie went on to also win
a Prize in Chemistry.
Marie Curie was the first
woman to win a Nobel
Prize, and the only person
to win two Nobel Prizes.Charles Martin Hall develops
the electrolytic method of
producing commercial aluminum
while at Oberlin College.
His system lowered the price
of aluminum to 18 cents per pound.Irene and Frederic Joliet-Curie
win the Nobel Prize in chemistry
for discovering and isolating
new radioactive isotopes.
Irene was the daughter of
Marie and Pierre Curie.Antoine Lavoisier discovers
oxygen's role in
combustion, opposing
to phlogiston theory.
Lavoisier also named oxygen
and hydrogen, and is considered
the father of modern chemistry.Dimitri Mendeleev publishes
the periodic table that is
used today, predicting the
existence of many undiscovered
elements. Mendeleev
was a native of Siberia.Lise Meitner works with
Otto Hahn to discover
nuclear fission, although
Meitner does not receive
the Nobel Prize with Hahn.Henry Moseley discovers the
importance of the atom
number of an element
and its relationship to
the element's identity.
Moseley correctly predicted
four new elements.Joseph Priestley discovers
oxygen and isolates it in
its gaseous state. Priestley
was also a clergyman.Wilhelm Roentgen wins
the Nobel Prize in physics
for the discovery of X-rays.
Element number 111, roentgenium,
is named after him.Ernest Rutherford wins
the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
for his discoveries of
radiation and the phenomenon
of radioactive decay. Element 104,
rutherfordium, is named after him.Carl Wilhelm Scheele identifies
a number of new elements
including chlorine, molybdenum,
and barium. He is also credited
with the discovery of oxygen,
although Joseph Priestly published
his findings first.Glenn Seaborg discovers
elements americium
through nobelium (95–102,)
and seaborgium (106)
named after him.
Comments