Events
Caesar had led a army to Pompey and his allies.
So,Pompey and his allies out of fear fled. It took a
year for Caesar get Pompey. They killed Pompey by
the orders of the Egyptian king. After Caesar returned
to Rome. He had named himself dictator of Rome.After Cicero's plans failed. Julius Ceasar,a general of
rome,ceased power with his partners pompey and
Crassus. After 10 years they took over Rome and
Caesar had became more popular than his friends.
So out of jealously Pompey who was with the senators
was going to try to kill Caesar.Rome in the 70s was a dangerous place.
Politians and generals got into fights
for increasing their power in Rome.
This sparked riots in Rome for years.Cicero,an
orator and philosopher,who was trying to
balance the power between the government
through the senate. This did not work and
lots of generals got even more power.Being angry at Caesar the senators sent a
man named Brutus to kill him. After Caesar's
assassination two greats leaders emerged to
take control of Roman politics.The two was
Marc Anthony and Augustus. Their first order
was to avenge Caesar.They made an army from
Antony's speech.Antony and Augustus had avenged Caesar. After the battle
the last of Caesar's murders killed themselves. Augustus
returned to Italy. Antony went to the east to fight Rome's
enemies.Antony marry Augustus's sister,but divorced her.
For Cleopatra,queen of Egypt. Augustus saw this
as insult to his sister and to himself. Antony's behavior
led to a civil war.Octavian sent a fleet to attack Antony. Antony sailed
out to meet it,and the two met just west of Greece in
the battle of Actium. Antony was defeated,and met up
with Cleopatra. Then they killed themselves so they
couldn't be taken prisoner. After a few years Octavian
took the title of princeps or first citizen.Octavian announced he would give the give his power to
the senate,but he really kept his power. As his new name
Augustus which means revered one. Most historians believe
Octavian's new name meant the end of the republic and the
beginning of the empireThe Romans had taken most of Gaul. Under the leadership of emperor Claudius,
the Romans had taken most of the island of Britain. Rome also controlled Asia Minor,
Mesopotamia,and the eastern coast of Mediterranean.The Roman conquests promoted trade. People in Rome
needed raw materials that were lacking in Italy. Many of
the materials,though, could be found in Rome's provinces
, the outlaying areas the Rome controlled. Traders brought
metals,cloth,and foods from the provinces to city.This time of Rome was called Pax Romana.
This was a time of peace. Stable government
and well run army which made them wealthy.This was the when Pax Romana had
ended. Also when the Romans took
a practical approach to science and
engineering. They studied stars and
plants. To improve health,Roman
doctors studied the works of the
Greek. One of the greats was Galen
who studied the the body. He
described the values of the heart and
noted differences between arteries and
veins.The Romans' practical use of science also
can be seen in their engineering. The Romans
were great builders. For example, the Romans
made cement by mixing lime with volcanic rock
and ash.Then they made roads in layers. Each one
was made with a different material. This
made the roads durable. Many of these
roads hadn't worn out even after all these
years.They made arches to supports the aqueducts
or raised channels. They did this by combing
the arches to make values. A values is a set of
arches.The Romans weren't into to practicality.
They loved beauty more. They copied
the older Greek ways of art,by making
columns to make their public buildings
look better. They also copied the Greeks
by covering most of their buildings with
marble.Rome was know for the greatest authors in the world.
One was Virgil,who made a epic about the founding of
Rome,the Aeneid. Another was Ovid,who wrote poems
about roman mythology. They wrote in the Latin,the
language of the government and law.This was the day Jesus was arrested.
Then crucified on the cross. After this
believers buried him. According to
Christian beliefs Jesus rose on the
third dayThis was the year that Jews finally were defeated
by the Romans. Then the belief of Christianity was
life and teachings of Jesus Christ. This started
from Judaism. Still believing in one god,God.Rome was know for the greatest authors in the world.
One was Virgil,who made a epic about the founding of
Rome,the Aeneid. Another was Ovid,who wrote poems
about roman mythology. They wrote in the Latin,the
language of the government and law.Periods
70 BC to 1453 ADFrom Roman Republic to Empire
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