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THESIS TIMELINE — Ali's life, Civil Rights, Vietnam War and more
è stata creata
Brooks Holton
⟶ è stato aggiornato 7 feb 2018 ⟶
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Eventi
Ali born in Louisville
Emmett Till murdered at 14 in Money, Mississippi. Ali is 13.
Ali, then 18-year-old Cassius Clay, defeats Zbigniew Pietrzykowski (25) in Men's Light-Heavyweight gold medal match in 1960 Summer Olympics.
Ali leaves for Miami. Recruited by NoI and joins Miami's Temple No. 29 during time spent training w/Angelo Dundee.
Ali, 16, talks to Black Muslims outside NoI temple in Atlanta while on vacation w/his brother.
Ali, 17, talks to Black Muslims outside NoI temple in Chicago while in city for Golden Gloves tournament. He's given a record, "A White Man's Haven is a Black Man's Hell," by members.
Ali meets Gorgeous George in Las Vegas, decides to embrace GG's flashy, flamboyant, trash-talking persona after watching the spectacle of GG's fight in Vegas.
Famous Ali pool photoshoot @ Sir John Hotel publishes in Life magazine, several weeks before Sports Illustrated publishes its first feature on Ali.
Ali and Malcolm X meet for the first time at Black Muslim rally in Detroit. X "magnetizes Ali with speech, display of power, fearlessness.
Violence between police and members of NoI mosque in Los Angeles. Ronald Stokes, mosque secretary, killed.
Malcom X's press conference on Stokes murder, "in cold blood."
Malcolm X conducts Stokes' funeral, gains national prominence w/speech.
Ali defeats Sonny Liston in Miami to claim first Heavyweight title. Malcolm X in attendance.
Ali holds press conference, says "I believe in Allah and in peace ... I'm not a Christian any more. ... I don't have to be what you want me to be. I'm free to be who I want."
NoI leader Elijah Muhammad announces that Cassius Clay "has no divine meaning. I hope he will accept being called by a better name. Muhammad Ali is what I will give to him as long as he believes in Allah and follows me" on his nationwide radio show.
Elijah Muhammad calls Ali in NYC, tells him he can no longer associate with Malcolm X, the exiled minister of the NoI. Power struggle b/t Muhammad and X ends with Ali saying he'll stop seeing X "starting today."
U.S. Army announces Ali failed his second entrance exam — 78 on the IQ portion — and was disqualified for serving in armed forces. Americans outraged over the Army's rejection of Ali, scrutinized his intelligence. J. Edgar Hoover convinced that he deliberately failed the test.
Ali visits Africa (Ghana), speaks to natives — treated like a king.
Malcolm X assassinated in Washington Heights (NYC) by Thomas Hagan (Talmadge X Hayer).
United States Army lowered its mental/physical standards with regards to the draft.
Louisville Draft Board denies Ali's request for deferment ... reporters flood Ali's Miami home, and Ali (age 24) says "I ain't got no quarrel with them Vietcong."
Ali divorces wife Sonji Clay because he claimed she didn't adhere to the tenets of the NoI.
Ali refuses draft induction in Houston, claims conscientious objector status; New York State Athletic Commission suspends boxing license and heavyweight title for "conduct detremential to the best interests of boxing."
Ali's trial begins, charged with violation of the Military Training and Service Act.
Federal jury convicts Ali of violating Selective Services Act by refusing to be drafted. Sentenced to five years in prison and $10,000 fine — the maximum penalty.
Ali indicted on draft refusal charges.
Ali's attorneys file appeal of verdict.
Ali's appeals case heard before U.S. Supreme Court; govt. argues Ali wasn't eligible for exemption.
With a vote of 8-0, the Supreme Court clears Ali, age 29, of draft refusal charges.
Ali reclaims his heavyweight title with knockout of George Foreman in "Rumble in the Jungle."
Ali defeats Ernie Terrell in Houston, "What's my name?" fight.
Ali lights cauldron at 1996 Sumer Olympics opening ceremony in Atlanta.
Ali dies in Scottsdale, Arizona at age 74.
Brown v. Board of Education verdict reached.
Rosa Parks arrested in Montgomery, Alabama, for refusing to give up seat. Beginning of MLK-led Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Dwight D. Eisenhower signs Civil Rights Act of 1957 into law.
Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated in Memphis. Nationwide riots follow.
MLK's anti-Vietnam War address to Riverside Church in NYC.
"Black Panther" party created in Alabama ahead of primary elections. Members were mostly elderly farm people.
Stokely Carmichael drops "Black Power" slogan at rally on the steps of a Mississippi courthouse.
MLK awarded Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo, Norway.
Lyndon Johnson signs Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law.
March on Washington ... MLK's "I have a dream" speech.
Ali's final fight — loss to Trevor Berbick. Retires at age 38.
Sports Illustrated names Ali the "Sportsman of the Century."
Six-story Muhammad Ali Center opens in Louisville.
New event
Ali marries Yolanda "Lonnie" Ali.
MLK's non-black minority leaders summit in Atlanta begins.
Memphis march turns into riot.
JFK assassinated, LBJ takes office.
First Marines land in Da Nang, Vietnam.
Hundreds of thousands of antiwar protesters gather for demonstrations in New York’s Central Park and in San Francisco.
Hundreds of thousands of antiwar protesters gather for demonstrations at The Pentagon in Washington.
Richard Nixon elected president, promises to end war in Vietnam.
Kent State shooting leaves four dead.
The first Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam, a series of mass demonstrations across the United States, take place.
Nixon goes on television to call for national solidarity on the Vietnam War effort, appealing to a "silent majority" to support his policies.
Ali defeats Joe Frazier by TKO in "Thrilla in Manila" to retain heavyweight title. First fight to be on pay-per-view via HBO.
Ali loses heavyweight title to Leon Spinks in Las Vegas.
Ali reclaims heavyweight title for final time by defeating Spinks in rematch at Superdome in New Orleans.
Ali loses heavyweight title for last time in loss to Larry Holmes in Las Vegas.
President Johnson calls for 50,000 more ground troops to be sent to Vietnam, increasing the draft to 35,000 each month.
U.S. troop numbers stationed in Vietnam increase to 500,000 in 1967.
Bombing of 16th Street Baptist Church by white supremacists kills four young black girls.
Entertainment and licensing firm CKX announces it is paying Ali $50 million in cash in exchange for selling 80 percent interest of his name and likeness ... creates G.O.A.T. LLC.
Hauser publishes "Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times."
Ali publishes autobiography, "The Greatest: My Own Story."
MORA (Fort Hood Three) v. MCNAMARA heard by Supreme Court, denied certiorari.
Fort Hood Three issue public statements about their refusal to be sent to Vietnam, denounce the war as "immoral, illegal and unjust." Dennis Mora speaks for entire group, as other two have already been arrested.
Black Muslims create a Muslim-dominated promotional group to deal with the ancillary revenues from Ali’s fights once the boxer ended his contract (nine months from expiration) with the Louisville Sponsoring Group. Boxing executives predicted and feared “a racist takeover of boxing” by a group with notorious reputation of resorting to violence to solve grievances.
Ali marries actress Veronica Porché Ali this summer in Los Angeles.
Ali divorces second wife, actress Veronica Porché Ali.
Ali funeral services in Louisville, Kentucky.
Playboy publishes Lawrence Linderman's interview with Ali, conducted prior to "Thrilla in Manila."
Rodney King verdict and beginning of L.A. riots.
Ronald Reagan sworn into White House.
George H.W. Bush sworn into White House.
Bill Clinton sworn into White House.
Barak Obama sworn into White House as first black POTUS.
NYT's Peter Tauber publishes "Ali: Still Magic," a profile documenting Ali's retention of "wizardry with words and people" despite Parkinson's disease.
Richard Nixon resigns from office amid Watergate scandal; Gerald Ford becomes acting president.
Fall of Saigon: capital of South Vietnam seized by communist forces; government of South Vietnam surrenders. U.S. Marine and Air Force helicopters launch 18-hour mass evacuation effort.
Ali meets The Beatles at gym in Miami.
Kerner Commission Report released, calls for expanded aid to African American communities in order to prevent further racial violence and polarization.
Ali's boyhood home museum shuts down in Louisville.
Ali's boyhood home opens for tours in Louisville.
Philadelphia lawyer George Bochetto joins Jared Weiss of Las Vegas in business and acquires a half interest in Ali's boyhood home in Louisville.
LBJ halts bombing in Vietnam north of the 20th parallel. Facing backlash about the war, Johnson announces he will not run for reelection.
Elijah Muhammad dies.
Periodi
Watts riots in Los Angeles.
SCLC-led Selma-Montgomery marches
This week records the highest number of U.S. soldier deaths during the war — 543 Americans.
Woodstock