25 gen 350 anni a. C. - ARISTOTLE
Descrizione:
HE DEFINES “POLITICAL SCIENCE” AS THE HIGHEST OF ALL SCIENCES, AS EVERYTHING ELSE AIMS AT THE “GOOD” OF THE STATE.
• SOCIAL GOOD IS ABOVE THE INDIVIDUAL GOOD, ONLY IN SO FAR AS INDIVIDUALS MAKE UP A SOCIETY AND THEIR ACTIONS ATTAIN THE GOOD OF THE SOCIETY, IT IS THE SUBJECT OF POLITICAL SCIENCES (SCIENCE OF ETHICS).
• DEFINES WELL BEING AS THE ACTIVITY OF THE SOUL IN ACCORDANCE WITH VIRTUE DURING THE PERIOD OF A COMPLETE LIFE.
• THE DEFINITION OF THE TRUTH
• DOCTRINE OF MEAN: EVERY KIND OF EXCELLENCE (=VIRTUE) IS A MEAN BETWEEN TWO EXTREME, ONE AN EXCESS AND THE OTHER A DEFECT.
• Epicurus (Hedonism arose first by Cyrenaics and sympathized by Romans, psychological Hedonism) • PLEASURE IS THE PRIMARY AND NATURAL END AT WHICH EVERY SENSIBLE BEING AIMS, THERE IS NO OTHER GOOD. WE USE ONLY OUR SENSES TO DECIDE WHAT IS GOOD FOR A LIFETIME.
• THE STOICS (mainly a Latin school following the Epicurian teachings, with the main difference of having REASON instead of FEELINGS, DIVINE SPIRIT; SOME THEISTS AND MATERIALISTS) (founded by Zeno, and followed by Seneca, 340-265 B.C., Epictetus, A.D. first century)
• 1. WELL-BEING IS ACTING RATIONALLY, OR IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE NATURE OF THE MAN; A NATURE PARTLY SELF-DETERMINED, PARTLY DETERMINED BY THE ETERNAL LAWS OF THE UNIVERSE, AND THOSE LAWS ARE THE EXPRESSIONS OF REASON, ARE THUS IN CONFORMITY WITH MAN’S SELF-DETERMINING NATURE.
• 2. RATIONAL ACTION AND MORALLY VIRTUOUS ACTION ARE THE SAME.
• 3. FROM SOCIAL POINT OF VIEW THERE RESULTS AN EXTENSION OF THE AREAS OF DUTIES TO ALL BEINGS POSSESSING REASON, THAT IS, TO THE WHOLE OF HUMANITY.
Aggiunto al nastro di tempo:
Summary of ethics
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