feb 1, 1879 - REFORM MOVEMENT FOR THE POOR:
“Progress and Poverty” (1879) & “Looking Back: 2000-1887” (1888)
- attack laissez-faire policies & leader many to demand more govt regulation
New York Charity Organization (1882) & Moral-Purity Campaign (around 1860s - 1900)
- focus on improving the morality of the urban poor
YMCA (1851) & YWCA (1858)
- give the poor alternative learning environment (stress morality as well)