First Barbary War (14 май 1801 г. – 4 июн 1805 г.)

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Age: 58--61

Upon signing the Treaty of Paris on September 3rd, 1783, to end the War for Independence, American merchant ships are no longer under the protection of the British navy, which at the time is the largest and most efficient navy in the world. In the following year the Boston ship "Besty" is captured off the coast of Morocco and the crew is sold into slavery.

On June 28th and July 15th, 1786, United States and Morocco sign a peace treaty.

On September 5th, 1795, Treaty with Algeria.

On November 4th, 1796, and January 3rd, 1797, Treaty with Tripoli.

On August 28th, 1797, Treaty with Tunis.

In December 1799, U.S. agrees to pay Tripoli and other Barbary Powers $18,000 per year to ensure safety for American merchant ships.

In March 1801, Tripoli declares war on the United States. On February 6th, of the following year, Congress declares war on Tripoli.

On May 15th, 1801, Jefferson sets up a blockade at the port in Tripoli--it lasts from July 24th to September 3rd.

August 1, 1801, a three-hour battle between the "U.S.S. Enterprise" and the Tripolitan polacca "Tripoli" becomes the United States' first American naval victory of the Barbary Wars. The event is known as "Action of 1".

On February 6th, 1802, Congress declares war on Tripoli through the "Act for Protection of Commerce and Seamen of the United States Against the Tripolitian Corsairs".

On June 17th, 1802, Emperor of Morocco declares war on the United States, then sues for peace four months later with the capture of the Moroccan ship "Mirboka" and the placement of American ships in battle array.

On January 17th, 1803, Edward Peble is named the new commodore for the United State's Mediterranean Squadron.

On October 31st, the "Philadelphia" is run aground. The Pasha imprisons the crew, repairs the "Philadelphia", and docks it at the harbor in Tripoli. On February 16 of the following year, a squadron from the warship "Intrepid" under the command of Officer Stephen Decatur, successfully carries out a stealth mission to destroy the captured warship "Philadelphia".

From April 27th--May 13th, 1805, the Battle of Derne. In the early months of this year, Naval Agent to the Barbary States, William Eaton is given a small detachment of U.S. Marines to take the port-city and capital of the Ottoman Empire, Derna. Eaton lands in a Egypt and with an exiled pasha of Tripoli named, Hamet Qaramanli, recruits about 400 Turkish and Greek mercenaries.
On March 8th of the same year, the new self-proclaimed general of this joint task force, Eaton, along with the exiled pasha, Qaramanli, begin the long march to Derne. The expedition is plagued with several attempts at mutiny by the Turkish mercenaries; however, the task force is able to keep the itself together until they reach their destination in late April. On the morning of April 27th, the siege of the port-city, Derne, begins. Eaton's joint task force attacks the city by land while the American warships, "Argus", "Nautilus", and "Hornet", led by Commodore Samuel Barron and Captain Issac Hull besiege the city from the sea, and by the end of the day the American flag is flying over the city. On May 13th, reinforcements from Tripoli attempt to recapture the city, but are forced back by the heavy artillery placements in the city and the heavy fire bearing down on them from the warship, "Argus".

On June 4th, 1805, the Treaty of Tripoli is negotiated and signed between T.J.'s peace envoy, Tobias Lear, and the Pasha Yusuf, which eliminates yearly tributes to Tripoli, provides a $60,000 ransom for the American prisoners and captured warships, and marks the end of the First Barbary War. Two years later, the Barbary Powers resume capturing U.S. merchant ships which will eventually lead to the Second Barbary War.

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