2. Integrated Sequential As-Built and As-Planned Representation with D4AR Tools in Support of Decision-Making Tasks in the AEC/FM Industry (jul 9, 2011 – dec 26, 2011)

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This paper reports recent developments from researcheffortsin(1)automatedacquisitionofas-builtpoint-cloudmodelsfromunordereddailysitephotocollectionsandgeo-registrationof site images, (2) automated generation of four-dimensional (4D) as-built point-cloud models, and (3) semiautomated superimposition of the integrated as-built model over 4D (three dimensions plus time) BIMs to generate integrated 4D as-built and as-planned visualizations. The limitations and benefits of each modeling approach, the motivations for development of 4D augmented-reality (D4AR) environments for integrated visualization of as-built and as-planned models, the perceived and observedapplications, and the benefits in seven case studies are discussed. Not only does a D4AR model visualize construction processes and performance deviations, it can also be used as a tool for automated and remote monitoring of progress and safety, quality control, and site layout management, and enables enhanced coordination and communication.

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