Industrial Revolution Years (19h 51min, jan 3, 1760 y – 2h 11min, jul 3, 1840 y)

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The shift from an agrarian economy to an industrial economy. The industrial revolution first began in England due to the ample natural coal supply, pro-business parliament, and an abundance of unemployed farmers from the enclosure movement who were willing to move to the city and accept factory wages. The agricultural revolution brought about new technologies (for example the seed drill) and more food to support a growing population, which helped to spark the industrial revolution.

One of the industrial revolution's most notable characteristics is the mass production of goods in factories. The wealthy class and the emerging middle class of factory owners, inventors, and investors were able to enjoy an increased diversity and number of goods produced. However, the price of this new economy was the suffering of the lower class of wage earners. These wage earners worked long 9-12 hour days for low wages in filthy, dangerous factories. Children often worked the most dangerous jobs for the least pay. The industrial revolution led to the rise of cities, the development of separate gender spheres, and the rise of the middle class. These effects can be seen in every aspect of people's lives in capitalist countries.

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