Humanismo Renascentista (apr 5, 1588 – jan 18, 1798)

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O humanismo renascentista [6] propõe o antropocentrismo. O antropocentrismo era a ideia de "o homem ser o centro do pensamento filosófico", ao contrário do teocentrismo, a ideia de "Deus no centro do pensamento filosófico". O antropocentrismo surgiu a partir do renascimento cultural.

Humanismo renascentista foi um movimento intelectual desenvolvido na Europa durante o Renascimento, entre os séculos XIV e XVI. Iniciado em Florença por Francesco Petrarca,[1] inspirado pela Antiguidade Clássica (Grega-latina), foi seguido por Dante Alighieri e Boccaccio. Expandindo-se a partir da península Itálica veio a abranger a maior parte da Europa. O Humanismo é uma das principais características da nova mentalidade renascentista, que valoriza o ser humano e as suas capacidades.

Renaissance humanism is the study of classical antiquity, at first in Italy and then spreading across Western Europe in the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries. The term humanism is contemporary to that period, while Renaissance humanism is a retronym used to distinguish it from later humanist developments.[1]

Renaissance humanism was a response to the utilitarian approach and what came to be depicted as the "narrow pedantry" associated with medieval scholasticism.[2] Humanists sought to create a Citizenry able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging in the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prudent actions. This was to be accomplished through the study of the studia humanitatis, today known as the humanities: grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry, and moral philosophy.

According to one scholar of the movement,

Early Italian humanism, which in many respects continued the grammatical and rhetorical traditions of the Middle Ages, not merely provided the old Trivium with a new and more ambitious name (Studia humanitatis), but also increased its actual scope, content and significance in the curriculum of the schools and universities and in its own extensive literary production. The studia humanitatis excluded logic, but they added to the traditional grammar and rhetoric not only history, Greek, and moral philosophy, but also made poetry, once a sequel of grammar and rhetoric, the most important member of the whole group.[3]

Humanism was a pervasive cultural mode and not the program of a small elite, a program to revive the cultural legacy, literary legacy, and moral philosophy of classical antiquity. There were important centres of humanism in Florence, Naples, Rome, Venice, Genoa, Mantua, Ferrara, and Urbino.

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