Mexican War (apr 25, 1846 – feb 2, 1848)

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Largely fueled by Texas gaining its independence from Mexico in 1836. Initially, the United States declined to incorporate it into the union, largely because northern political interests were against the addition of a new slave state. A border skirmish along the Rio Grande started off the fighting and was followed by a series of U.S. victories.

Mexico eventually lost about one-third of its territory, including nearly all of present-day California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona and New Mexico. War was ended by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

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