- Venice st ff indust - v Medi indust bc competit btw them and Spain/Morrocco, war, plague -Crete, Cyprus, Egypt = contin prod ff but only enough for the domestic market - Dev of indust by Portuguse and Spanish @ Atlantic islands - ff still = luxury, medi and spice @ W Euro, ^ desire -Led to estab of plantations @ Atlantic that used african labour, under Euro settler's authority, prod ff for Portugal and Euro markets - Enable Port and Spain to control S Atlantic and Eruo trade (dec 14, 1095