Kingdoms of the Mongol Empire (jan 1, 1200 – jan 1, 1300)

Description:

Time Period: (13th c. -14th c. C.E.)
Location: East Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia
VIP: Temujin (Genghis Khan- "ruler of all")


There were 4 different Khanates in the Mongol Empire, each being ruled by a descendant of Genghis Khan.

Different Khanate's in the Mongolian Empire:

CHAGHATAI KHANATE

location: southwest Asia
Khan: (2nd son of Genghis Khan) Chaghatai Khan




GOLDEN HORDE

location: Northwest Asia
Khan: Batu Khan (grandson of G.K.)







ILKHANATE

Hulegu (grandson of G.K.)





YUAN DYNASTY/ THE GREAT KHANATE

location: East Asia
Khan: Kublai Khan (grandson of G.K.)







S:
- patriarchy
-merchants and artisans were ranked higher than the peasants because they were skilled and promoted trade
-

P:
-a mongol chieftain meeting called a KURILTAI elected the Khans
-the kings were called KHANS
-conquered JURCHENS the KARA KHITAI EMPIRE in Central Asia and the KHWARAZM EMPIRE in the west to expand his KHANTATE: kingdom
-used MERITOCRACY
-used BUREAUCRACY
-were centralized and used as single international law for all parts of the empire

I:
-nomadic pastoralists that carried very little(horses, yurts, and farming tools)
-made a pony express that carried oral messages

C:
-women were more independent and had more freedoms than other women in other societies such as China, India, and Arabia.
-used a YURT--> a circular felt-covered tent that was portable
- had religious/philosophic tolerance towards Christians, Jews, Muslims, Buddhists, Daoists, and Hindus as long it didn't interfere with

E:
- protected the Silk Road to promote safe trade
-


achievements:
-used a simple system of dividing the army into subgroups--> 10 groups of 1,000 warriors called TUMEN
-SIEGE weapons- ex. portable towers, catapults
-short bow
-used catapults for biological warfare --> used plagued corpses as ammunition
-possibly the canon
-wore pants and jackets ;)


the fall:
-became less tolerant over time and the people
-defeats of failing to conquer Japan, Indochina, Burma, Java, suggested that the Mongols weren't as strong as they once were
-WHITE LOTUS SOCIETY: a Buddhist monk named ZHU YUANZHANG started a revolt that overthrew the Yuan Dyansty and founded the MING DYNASTY (1365-1644)

vocab:

State-buildings
-Khan
-kuriltai
-Genghis Khan
-Jurchens
-khanites
-Kara Khitai Empire
-Khwarazm Empire
-Pax Mongolica
-Karakorum
-Tangut Empire
-Ogodei
-Batu
-Sarai
-Golden Horde
-Moscow
-Battle of Kulikovo
-Hulegu
-Baibars
-Il-khanate
-Kublai Khan
-Yuan Dynasty
-Dadu
-White Lotus Society
-Zhu Yanzhang
-Ming Dynasty

Environment
-Gobi Desert
-yurt

Technology
-tumens
-siege weapons

Culture
-The Romance of the West Chamber
-Marco Polo
-

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