Umayyad Dynasty (jan 1, 661 – jan 1, 750)

Description:

Time Period: (7th c. - 8th c.) C.E.
Location: from Iberian Peninsula in the west to India in the east
Founder: merchants from Mecca aided by capable generals and strong armies, assumed to power after the 4th caliph's assassination

A Sunni Dynasty that moved the capital to Damascus. Near the end of the dynasty Shia beliefs influenced political and religious components

S:
-NO caste system

P:
-Cesaropapismo : no separation between church and state
- Influence of Shia caused the Caliph to be called the IMAM
-CALIPH: head of state/ CALIPHATE and the descendant of Muhammad
-SUNNI MUSLIMS: wanted a democracy and choose leaders (+90% are Sunni Muslims)
-SHIA MUSLIMS: wanted a monarchy through the descendants of Muhammad.

I: ?

C:
-Islam
-everyone is equal
-MOSQUE: place of submission
- were religiously tolerant towards religions that were related to the PEOPLE OF THE BOOK

E:
- Spread rapidly due to pre-existing trade routes
-JIZYA: religious tax on non Muslims

achievements: ?

the fall:
-Umayyad leaders grew weak and corrupt. Transitioned to the Abbasid Empire.
-

vocab:
-People of the Book: people like Jesus and Moses
-



-Islam: (verb) to submit to God
-Muslim: one who submits to God
-Quran: "recitation" of the word of God--> book
-Haji: pilgrimage to Mecca
-Hadith: book of Muhammad's teachings
-Shariah laws: Islamic code
-Muhammad (570-632) : the last prophet and only prophet of God in Islam
-Allah- God of Islam, Christianity, and Judaism
-Mecca: holy city where the Kaaba is located
-Caliph: the head of state (originally the descendants of Muhammad)
-Caliphate: a city-state modeled after the original Islamic community
- Umma: a community of believers
-Sunni Muslims
-Shia Muslims
-Sufi: a missionary

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