Richard I the Lionheart (sep 3, 1189 – apr 6, 1199)

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son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. After Richard became king upon his defeat of his father and his subsequent death, he and Philippe II of France agreed to go on the Third Crusade (each feared that during his absence the other might usurp his territories). He married Berengaria of Navarre in 1191 but they had no children and she never visited England during Richard's lifetime. Richard was captured and held in Germany on his way home in 1194; Eleanor raised his ransom money. In Richard's absence, his brother John revolted with the aid of Philippe, who had conquered Normandy. Upon his return, Richard worked to recover his French lands and did win several key battles. He died accidentally of an arrow wound, leaving no heirs--the first step in the dissolution of the Angevin Empire.

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