Charles IV the Fair (jan 3, 1322 – feb 1, 1328)

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son of Philippe IV; younger brother of Philippe V and Charles IV. Last Capetian. Lack of heir started the Hundred Years' War. Beginning in 1323 Charles was confronted with a peasant revolt in Flanders, and in 1324 he made an unsuccessful bid to be elected Holy Roman Emperor. He also inherited the problems with England, as Edward II was again refusing to pay homage. Charles's sister Isabella, Edward's wife, was sent to France to negotiate peace, but she revolted with her lover Roger Mortimer and refused to return to England and brought her son Edward to France. She fled to Hainault, where she betrothed Prince Edward to Philippa, the daughter of the local Count, and raised money to invade England and depose her husband in favor of her son, Edward III. Under Isabella's instruction, Edward III agreed to a peace treaty with Charles: Aquitaine would be returned to Edward, but Charles would regain other territories, leaving the young Edward with a much reduced territory. Charles was also responsible for shaping the life of his nephew, Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles IV, originally named Wenceslaus, came to the French court in 1323, aged seven, where he was taken under the patronage of the French king. Charles gave his nephew a particularly advanced education by the standards of the day, arranged for his marriage to Blanche of Valois, and also renamed him. As he died without a male heir, his first cousin Philippe of Valois (son of his father's younger brother) was crowned and began the Valois line.

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