Indian Appropriation Act (jan 4, 1871 – jan 31, 1877)
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The Indian Appropriation Act of 1871 officially ended the U.S. policy of recognizing Native American tribes as sovereign, independent nations, permanently halting the creation of new tribal treaties. By stripping tribes of their treaty-making status and downgrading them to wards of the state, the act allowed the federal government to manage Native affairs through congressional statutes without tribal consent, severely undermining traditional tribal leadership and accelerating the forced loss of Native lands.
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