King Antigonus II (High Priest & King) (jan 1, 40 BC – jan 1, 37 BC)

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Antigonus II Mattathias, son of Aristobulus II, was the last Hasmonean ruler. He took power with help from the Parthians and tried to restore Hasmonean rule against Rome and Herod. For a short time, he controlled Jerusalem and challenged Roman-backed leadership.

Herod, supported by Rome, captured Jerusalem in 37 BCE. Antigonus was taken by the Romans and executed, ending Hasmonean rule. From a Jewish perspective, his fall marks the final end of the Hasmonean dynasty and the beginning of the Herodian, Roman-backed monarchy.

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