Herod Archelaus (Judea) (jan 1, 4 BC – jan 1, 6)

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Herod Archelaus was the son of Herod the Great and ruled Judea, Samaria, and Idumea from 4 BCE–6 CE. He did not receive the title “king” from Rome, but ruled as ethnarch. His rule was harsh and unstable, and many Jews complained to Rome about his cruelty and poor leadership.

In 6 CE, Rome removed Archelaus from power and turned Judea into a Roman province ruled by governors or prefects. This was extremely important because it ended local Herodian rule in Jerusalem for a time and brought Judea under more direct Roman administration, setting the stage for future tensions.

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