Hyrcanus II (High Priest & King) (jan 1, 67 BC – jan 1, 40 BC)

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Hyrcanus II, son of Salome Alexandra and Alexander Jannaeus, became High Priest and ruler after his mother. He was weaker politically than his brother Aristobulus II, and their rivalry turned into a civil war. Hyrcanus was supported by Antipater the Idumean, the father of Herod the Great.

His struggle with Aristobulus II led both sides to seek Roman involvement, which was disastrous for Jewish independence. Pompey entered Jerusalem in 63 BCE, and Judea came under Roman control. Hyrcanus remained as a religious and political figure for a time, but he was no longer truly independent.

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