The Cuban missile crisis of 1962 was a direct confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the cold war. The crisis was caused because the Soviet Union had missiles stationed in Cuba. These missiles were discovered during a U.S. military reconnaissance mission when American spy planes flew over Cuba and spotted Soviet missile sites in construction. Upon hearing this, U.S. president Kennedy went through many response actions which ranged from a full invasion of Cuba to negotiations. As an immediate response Kennedy enacted a naval "quarantine" or blockade of the island. The blockade aimed to delay the construction of the missile sites by preventing Soviet military shipments from getting into Cuba. This brought the world closer to a nuclear war than ever before and was barely avoided through negotiation. Kennedy told the Soviets they must remove their missiles from Cuba immediately and the Soviets reluctantly agreed as long as the United States pledged not to invade Cuba and secretly made the U.S. also remove their missiles from Turkey. This negotiation also established a direct way of communication between Washington D.C. and Moscow.
“The Cuban Missile Crisis, October 1962.” U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of State, history.state.gov/milestones/1961-1968/cuban-missile-crisis. Accessed 31 Jan. 2026.
Ball, Gregory. “1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis.” Air Force Historical Support Division, www.afhistory.af.mil/FAQs/Fact-Sheets/Article/458954/1962-cuban-missile-crisis/. Accessed 31 Jan. 2026.