Algerian Civil War (aug 1, 1991 – dec 1, 2002)

Description:

Geography: Algeria
Duration: 1992-2002
Warring Factions:
Democratically elected Islamic Salvation Front
Algerian Army coup
Supports:
With FIS:
Morocco
Libya
Saudi Arabia
Iran
Sudan
Various non-state armed groups, from 1993
Support from Saudi private donors
Egyptian Islamic Jihad (until 1995)
Al-Qaeda

With Coup:
Egypt
Tunisia
France
European Union
South Africa
Description: 1991 Algerian election first ballots predicted a clear victory for Islamic Salvation Frontier (FIS), Islamist party which sought to bring about large reforms in Algeria. Before 1992 second round, president Bendjedid resigned and the army intervened to cancel elections. Successors were assassinated and overall situation fell into civil war, with Islamist factions taking up arms against army and loyalists who saw themselves as the heirs to the FLN’s struggle decades prior. A new governmental party was eventually formed in 1997 and a vote was held to amend the contentious 1989 constitution. Rumours circled that the 1999 elections were rigged, but the result was accepted. Reconciliation followed and by 2006 measures were being introduced to grant amnesty to remaining fighters to turn in their weapons for peace.

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