The Protestant Reformation (jan 1, 1517 – mar 1, 1648)
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The Protestant Reformation was a major 16th-century European movement aimed at reforming the Catholic Church, ultimately leading to the rise of Protestantism. It began with Martin Luther's challenge to the Church's practices, specifically the sale of indulgences, and his publication of the Ninety-Five Theses in 1517. The Reformation impacted politics, leading to challenges of papal authority and the rise of stronger national identities in some areas. It contributed to shifts in political power, with a move away from religious dominance towards government or secular control. In addition, the Reformation's emphasis on Bible reading led to increased literacy rates as individuals sought to understand scripture in their own languages. This created a larger demand for education in Europe and beyond.
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