The Berlin Conference (November 15, 1884 – February 26, 1885 CE) (nov 15, 1884 – feb 26, 1885)

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European leaders met in Berlin to decide how they would divide Africa among themselves. This event, known as the Berlin Conference, was held without any African representatives. European powers used maps to draw artificial borders, ignoring the existing ethnic, cultural, and linguistic groups across the continent. These borders often forced rival communities into the same colony or split unified groups apart, creating long-term challenges that many African countries still face today.

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