1947- 1991: Cold War (General) (aug 1, 1947 – jun 1, 1991)

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The Cold War (1947-1991) was a global struggle between capitalist democracies, led by the United States and NATO, and communist governments, primarily the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact. The conflict was driven by ideological differences between capitalism and communism, fears of global domination by either side, and competition in areas like the nuclear arms race, the space race, and proxy wars. The Cold War ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, largely due to internal economic failures, marking a victory for the Western Allies and the U.S. The outcomes included the fall of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, leaving the U.S. as the sole superpower. Key treaties such as the 1968 Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, the 1975 Helsinki Accords, and the 1987 Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty helped reduce tensions, promote human rights, and limit nuclear arms.

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