Italian fascism, also called classical fascism and Fascism, is the original fascist ideology, which Giovanni Gentile and Benito Mussolini developed in Italy. The ideology of Italian fascism is associated with a series of political parties led by Mussolini: the National Fascist Party, which governed the Kingdom of Italy from 1922 until 1943, and the Republican Fascist Party, which governed the Italian Social Republic from 1943 to 1945.