Thessaloníki (jan 1, 316 – 22h 6min, jun 5, 2026 y)

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Founded in 316 BCE and named for Alexander the Great's sister, Thessaloniki was the capital of the Roman province Macedonia. It was a military and commercial station of great importance. The city prospered in the Byzantine Empire despite attacks by Avars and Slavs in the 6th and 7th centuries. In the following centuries, it continued to be attacked by Arabs, Bulgarians, and Normans. The Ottoman Sultan Murad II took Thessaloniki with a terrible massacre in 1430, and remained so for the next five centuries. Its reduced population was augmented by tens of thousands of Jews fleeing Spain. Thessaloniki was the birthplace of Mustafa Kemel and became the headquarters for the Ottoman Liberty Society, a Young Turk movement. The city was then captured by the Greek army during the First Balkan War. From 1915 to 1918 Thessaloníki was the base for Allied operations in the Turkish straits and in 1941 the city was captured by Germans, who were deported and exterminated 60,000 Jews . In the 1960s, Thessaloníki became a major industrial centre with the construction of a large complex including oil refineries, petrochemical plants, and steel works and is the seat of a metropolitan bishop of the Greek Orthodox Church.

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