The Setembristas (sep 9, 1836 – mar 13, 1842)

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The September Revolution was a political uprising that occurred on September 9, 1836, led by the Setembristas.
This movement was driven by dissatisfaction with the Constitution of 1826, which had been imposed by Dom Pedro the 4th.
The Setembristas sought to reinstate the more progressive Constitution of 1822, which was perceived as more democratic and participatory.
The revolution was led by military officers and civilian liberals, including prominent figures like Manuel da Silva Passos (Passos Manuel).
The revolution succeeded in reinstating the Constitution of 1822, marking a brief period of radical liberal governance in Portugal.
After the revolution, the Setembristas formed a government and implemented several progressive reforms:
Education: Expansion of public education and secularization of schools.
Economy: Attempts to modernize agriculture and industry.
Decentralization: Strengthened municipal autonomy and limited the power of central authorities.
Civil Liberties: Greater emphasis on freedom of the press and association.
The Setembrista government faced significant opposition:
Political Opposition: The Cartistas (supporters of the Constitution of 1826) and conservative forces, including the aristocracy and the Church, opposed the radical reforms.
Economic Difficulties: Portugal's economy was weak, and many reforms could not be fully implemented due to financial constraints.
Internal Divisions: Disagreements within the Setembrista camp weakened their ability to govern effectively.
The Queen fled to Belem to escape Septembrist control and initiated her own counter revolution, the Belenzada to restore the Charter with the support of Belgium and Britain, in exchange for territorial concessions in Africa.
By the early 1840s, the Setembrista government struggled to maintain order and address Portugal’s ongoing economic problems. Its policies alienated influential conservative groups, including the nobility, clergy, and sections of the military.
Costa Cabral, a former supporter of the Setembristas who had shifted toward conservatism, began to gather support for a restoration of the 1826 Constitution.

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