Russian Civil War (nov 17, 1918 – oct 22, 1922)

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The Russian Civil War (1918–1921) devastated millions, pitting the Bolshevik-led “Reds” against the anti-Bolshevik “Whites,” a coalition of army officers, cossacks, bourgeois factions, and various political groups opposing Bolshevik reforms. The Whites received military aid from Britain, France, the U.S., and Japan, but the Reds’ strong internal support proved decisive. Despite substantial Allied backing, the Whites were defeated, and by 1921, the Bolsheviks had consolidated control over most former Russian territories, excluding Finland, the Baltic States, Poland, and the Moldavian Democratic Republic, which aligned with Romania.

The Russian Civil War | History of Western Civilization II. (n.d.). https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/the-russian-civil-war/

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