Armistice Day (nov 11, 1918 – nov 11, 1918)

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In the aftermath of the Salonika Campaign Bulgaria capitulated to the Allies with an armistice signed at Salonika on 30 September. In the aftermath of the Mesopotamian and Palestine Campaigns, the Ottoman Empire capitulated to the Allies with an armistice signed at Mudros on 30 October. In the aftermath of the Vittorio Veneto Campaign, the Austro-Hungarian Empire disintegrated and hostilities ceased with an armistice signed on 3 November and effective 4 November. This left Germany standing alone against sledgehammer blows being delivered by the Americans in the Meuse-Argonne Campaign, the British in the Somme Offensive and the Ypres-Lys Campaign, and the French in the Oise-Aisne Campaign. Under unrelenting pressure, German resistance fell apart. German armies were in retreat all along the front. The German High Seas Fleet mutinied when directed to sortie against impossible odds. Revolution broke out in Munich, and then in Berlin. Kaiser Wilhelm II accepted abdication, and fled to Holland. A German Republic declared itself. A German armistice commission accepted harsh terms to end the fighting at 1100 on 11 November. In due course Germany was forced to accept the humiliating Treaty of Versailles.

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