Ottoman Empire (jan 1, 1289 – may 1, 1923)

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The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman Bey and his followers, who had migrated to Northwestern Anatolia populated by Seljuqs in the 13th centuThe Jry. They sought to become Ghazi, or Muslim religious warriors, which they used to justify their conquests. The Ottoman's empire strategic location on the borders of the Byzantine empire allowed them to wage Holy Wars. They captured the Anatolian city of Bursa and theh Edrine, with the cities developing into intellectual centers with inns, schools, and mosques. The Ottomans had military success because they organized Ghazi recruits into a professional calvary force funded by land grants and a volunteer infantry. Above this, they also created an important force of slave troops through the devshirme system, in which they forced the Christian population of the Balkans to contribute young boys to become slaves of the Sultan. After learning Turkish and converting to Islam, they would either join the civilian administration or the Janisaaries (Yeni Cheri). The Ottoman army utilized gunpowder weapons such as cannons and firearms, allowing them to win many victories.

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