The Square Deal (1901-1909) (jan 1, 1901 – jan 1, 1909)

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The Square Deal was President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program, which aimed to provide fairness and equity for all Americans in the economy and environment. It was built on three main principles often referred to as the "three Cs":

The first C was control of corporations. Roosevelt sought to regulate big businesses to prevent monopolies and ensure fair competition. An example of how he implemented this was that he famously cracked down on the Northern Securities Company in 1904, a railroad monopoly, through holding them to the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. The Supreme Court ruled in the government's favor. Similar examples are covered in the timeline events named "Elkins Act" and "Hepburn Act".

The second C was consumer protection. Roosevelt's administration worked to protect consumers from unsafe products and fraudulent practices. This lead to the legislation of the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act, which is covered in a seperate timeline event named "Theodore Roosevelt legislates the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act" .

The third C was focused on conservationism. During his presidency, Roosevelt established five national parks and 18 national monuments during his presidency, in order to conserve natural resources and inspire an environmentally-conscious country.

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