Thermodynamics (jan 1, 1850 – jan 1, 0)

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This year marks the development of the science of thermodynamics by Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson. These are the two that introduced the First and Second Laws of Thermodynamics: Total energy is conserved, and heat is not transferred from a colder body to a hotter one. These laws allowed for other scientists to find more laws and properties of thermodynamics, mostly focused on gases early on, and ended up being analyzed through mathematics. It was also discovered that, contrary to prior belief, heat was not a fluid-like substance, but rather a form of energy, which led to the two scientists establishing those laws of thermodynamics.

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