The year the Persian Empire fell under Alexander the Great. (jan 1, 334 BC – dec 31, 334 BC)

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The Achaemenid Empire, a dominant force for over two centuries in the Mediterranean world, was ultimately brought to its knees by the strategic brilliance of Alexander the Great. Alexander, tutored by Aristotle and trained by his father Philip II, became an imperialist powerhouse. His victory at the Battle of Gaugamela, despite being outnumbered, marked a pivotal moment in history, dismantling Persian dominance and disseminating Hellenistic culture across a vast empire. Alexander's success was not solely due to inherited resources but also his astute leadership and tactical acumen. Philip II transformed the Macedonian army into a formidable force, instituting rigorous training from a young age and upgrading weaponry. Under Alexander's command, the Macedonian army triumphed over the Persian Royal Army, solidifying his reign as king of Macedonia, Greece, and Persia. Despite his short life (32 years old and reigning only 13 years), Alexander's conquests reshaped the geopolitical landscape of his time.

Legend has it that when Alexander the Great marched through Palestine, he encountered Simeon the Just, dressed in his priestly robes. Some versions suggest Alexander himself visited Jerusalem. Upon seeing the high priest, Alexander reportedly descended from his chariot and bowed respectfully, a move criticized by his courtiers. However, Alexander claimed it was intentional, as he had a vision of the high priest predicting his victory. Though Alexander requested a statue of himself be placed in the Temple, the high priest explained it was impossible. Instead, it was agreed that sons born to priests that year would be named Alexander and the Seleucid era would be introduced. This legend provides an explanation for why Alexander did not destroy Jerusalem.

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