The desecration of the Temple under Antiochus Epiphany IV (jan 1, 175 BC – jan 1, 163 BC)

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Antiochus III enacted lenient measures for the Jews in Israel, recognizing the Torah as their "national law" and granting internal autonomy to aid Jerusalem's economic recovery. He exempted the entire population of Jerusalem from taxes for three years and reduced future taxes by one-third. Additionally, temple personnel received full tax exemption, and generous aid was provided for Jerusalem's reconstruction. However, after Antiochus III's defeat at Magnesia, he was compelled to surrender his assets and his son, Antiochus IV, to Rome. Antiochus IV, upon his return, took a hostile stance towards the Jews, aiming to Hellenize them. He forced abandonment of Jewish customs, desecrated the temple, and prohibited Sabbath observance. The decree extended to neighboring Greek cities, resulting in persecution of Jews who resisted. Antiochus IV's oppressive rule led to public punishments and the burning of those who observed Sabbath in secret. This period marked the beginning of the Seleucid Empire's decline under Antiochus IV's reign from 175-163 BC.

Referred to in Daniel 9: 27; 11:31 and in Matthew 24:15

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