China (nov 11, 1898 – sep 1, 1939)

Description:

"Spheres of influence" were created and big imperial powers wanted more power + control over more territory

Dominated by European countries and Japan

BUT China is still an independent nation

Society of the Harmonious Fists
- anti-foreigner movement
- encouraged by empress
- Europeans call them "boxers"
- get ready for revolt

Boxer Rebellion (1898-1900): boxers attack foreigners in China but are crushed by foreign powers
- destroy Churches, railroads, & mines
- destroy anything connected with foreigners
- attack Christian converts, foreign missionaries, foreign embassies, etc.

Chinese empress dies in 1908

New Emperor is a child

Chinese "radical" wanted China to break up "Old China" and abolish dynastic rule --> wanted China to be a Chinese country

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