Reign of Muhammad Ali in Egypt (jan 1, 1805 – jan 1, 1848)
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The ultimate victor built a powerful army modeled on European forces and ruled Egypt. He drafted peasants to serve as infantry soldiers and he hired French and Italian officers to train his troops. By 1820 it was clear that he had established himself as the effective ruler of Egypt. In 1839 he invaded Syria and Anatolia, threatening to capture Istanbul and topple the Ottoman state
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