Institution of Slavery (jan 1, 1800 – jan 1, 1848)

Description:

Slavery in USA
- 1676 -> Bacon's Rebellion (shift to slaves)
- 1780s -> Constitutional Convention (3/5ths)
(Fugitive Slave Act)
- 1787 -> Northwest Ordinance (banned slavery)
- 1808 -> Slave Trade Ends
- 1820 -> Missouri Compromise (postponed)


King Cotton
- south relied on cash crops
- Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin made cotton
profitable (demand for slave labor and land)
- Market Revolution
- northern economy relied on southern
cotton
- Black Belt
- Louisiana -> Georgia had fertile, black soil


Expansion of Slavery
- interstate trade
- western expansion increases sectionalism
- Missouri Compromise
- Compromise of 1850
- Kansas-Nebraska Act


Antebellum South
- Agrarian society
- majority did NOT own slaves (still supported)
- oligarchy (run by rich slave owners)
- Hierarchy (white)
- southern plantation owners
- small slaveholders
- Yeoman farmers (no slaves)
- People of the Pine (no slaves or land)
- lack of immigration or reform


African American Communities
- Free black population (250,000) in north and
south (In south, many restrictions on daily life)


Slavery
- chattel slavery
- "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
- most were in deep south by Civil War
- slaves had not social, political, or civil rights


African American Culture
- Religion -> Black Christianity (responsorial)
- Baptist and Methodist
- music


Resistance
- forms:
- work slowdowns
- negligence
- run away (Underground Railroad)
- Slave Revolts (rare)
- Stono Rebellion, Denmark Vesey, Nat
Turner
- "Black Codes" implemented after revolts


Abolitionist Movement
- Quakers were the earliest opponents
- David Walker
- William Lloyd Garrison (American Anti-Slavery
Society)
- Sojourner Truth and Frederick Douglas
- Liberty Party (1840)


Southern Defense of Slavery
- Gag Resolution (1836-1844)
- Congress couldn't make anti-slavery
petitions
- strict slave codes
- argument changed
- before -> "necessary evil"
- after -> "benevolent institution"

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